Monoclonal antibodies

B cells have cell-surface immunoglobulin molecules as receptors for antigen and, upon activation, secrete the immunoglobulin as soluble antibody that provides defense against pathogens in the extracellular spaces of the body. T cells have receptors that recognize peptide fragments of intracellular pathogens transported to the cell surface by the glycoproteins of the major histocompatibility…

The immune system is incredibly intricate. The first barrier of the system is your skin. After entering the body, the bacteria doubles their number every twenty minutes. When they reach a certain population, bacteria will start damaging the body by changing the environment surrounding them, which triggers the immune system to counter the attack. Macrophages, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells, and T-cells all play crucial roles in saving the body from the bacteria. Macrophages have the ability to…

Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes hive-like skin rashes, chills, fever, partial or total hearing loss, swollen joints, loss of kidney function, and can eventually lead to amyloidosis in some patients. Muckle-Wells syndrome is named after Thomas J. Muckle and Michael V. Wells who first described the disease in April of 1962 [1]. Muckle-Wells is in a family of diseases called Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes (CAPS) which all are related because they…

The body is a complex organism, which is composed of systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. The immune and lymphatic system is one of the systems that protect the body from disease-causing bacteria, viruses and organisms. There are two ways that they fight and protect the body from disease, nonspecific and specific. Nonspecific is how the body generally fights off diseases. This includes fever and the swelling of your lymph nodes. Specific immunity is how the body protects itself…

Periodontal diseases generally refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm that trigger an inflammatory response that activate the immune system. Biochemical mediators are biologically active compound, released by the immune cells as a response of the body to eliminate pathogenic bacteria when the periodontium is infected. These mediators responsible to initiate the inflammatory response are…

Carrlee Stainback ENG-101 Professor Howell 7 November, 2016 Is Stress Beneficial? Certainly, we have all experienced the cringing and anxiety driven “S” word: stress. Whether it be in the daily college overload, relationships at home, tensions at work, or even our social life, stress has slithered its way into our lives and taken complete control. Much of the stress we experience is unavoidable. It is something that is inevitably a part of our everyday lives. Ironically, several research studies…

Crohn’s Disease was first described by Dr. Burrill B. Crohn in 1932 and is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. “It causes inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition” (“Crohn’s Disease”). Crohn’s disease cannot only hurt and enervating, it can lead to life-threatening complications. Scientists have the belief that Crohn’s disease is caused by several factors. These factors…

Figure 3.1.2. Antibody titres of rabbit antisera. The antisera were collected from immunized rabbits and antibody titres measured by indirect ELISA as described under Methods (section 2.2.3.1). 3.1.2.1.3 Purification of α-LA, HRP and human erythrocyte specific polyclonal IgG The IgG fractions were purified from rabbit sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by negative ion exchange chromatography employing DEAE-cellulose. The antisera were decomplemented, IgG fraction precipitated by…

Section 1: Dr. E. Angela Murphy (Exercise, Nutrition and Immunity) Dr. Murphy’s current research focuses on 1) understanding how exercise stress affects immune functions and 2) understanding whether the use of proper nutrition can ameliorate the immune suppression caused by exercise stress. The overall goal of Dr. Murphy’s lecture was for students to gain an understanding of how exercise stress affects immune function, the mechanisms for these effects, and the benefits of proper nutrition on…

indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique, and immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA). The Sabin-Feldman dye test, however, is the gold standard immunological assay. In the Sabin-Feldman dye test, the patient’s serum is treated with both live T. gondii organisms and methylene blue dye. If the patient has been previously exposed to T. gondii, antibodies will be present in the serum that will lyse the live T. gondii, leaving them clear (positive result). If no antibodies are present,…