Monoclonal antibodies

T cells are a type of white blood cell that is made in the bone marrow. These T cells are a part of the immune system which is meant to keep you from getting sick and helps to prevent diseases. Some people have a stronger immune system than others, and that means that they have either more white blood cells or lots of good bacteria, or both. This has been a very interesting subject for me, and I had a lot of fun researching it. Body System Most Affected The body system that is most affected by…

disseminates, and the host response shifts to a Th2 type immune reaction. The hallmark of this infection stage is production of detectable serum antibodies. A positive relationship has been shown between the level of serum antibody production and the number of M. paratuberculosis isolated from fecal samples (8, 27). A second possible explanation for the diversity in antibody-antigen binding patterns is host response variability to the infection. Paratuberculosis has…

The Hepatitis C Antibody Test and The Hepatitis C RNA Qualitative Test. The Hepatitis C Antibody Test is screening test on your blood to see if you have ever had Hepatitis C. The tests check to see if antibodies are detected in your blood. If the test shows negative, then you have never been exposed to Hepatitis C and more testing is not necessary. If the test is…

would normally not provoke an immune response unless in a diseased state. In AD, the immune system fails to differentiate between self-antigens and foreign antigens and an immune response is produced when the body attacks its self antigens with antibodies made against it, resulting in tissue…

Autoimmunity is the immune system over activity that begin producing antibodies to attack the body’s own tissues instead of fighting infections. The most common evidence of autoimmune response post TBI was reported as hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity (APA){Guaraldi:2015bc}. Recently, autoimmunity trigged by other released…

Ca2+ fluxes signal leukocyte recruitment to the lung and facilitate transepithelial migration into the airway lumen. Airway epithelial cells are situated well to play a crucial role in host response by providing a physical and an immunological barrier to inhaled pathogens. This physical barrier mediated by epithelial cell-to-cell junctions inhibits pathogens from invading, and the immunological barrier is attained through epithelial cell recognition of bacteria and swift signaling to recruit…

Summary The Scientific journal article I chose was about the Skeletal System disease, Rickets. This article delves into cases that prove “Children with disorders characterized by extensive cutaneous scaling, especially those with pigmented skin, are at increased risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and clinical rickets.” (K. Chouhan, 2011) Throughout this journal article there is a plethora of scientific data that proves having these characteristics in any of their forms heighten the risk…

Grains were first introduced to the human diet about 10,000 years ago in Mesopotamia. In the second century AD, Aretaeus of Cappadocia described “koiliakos” a disease of the abdomen caused by nutrition. It wasn’t until 1888 in London that S.J. Gee fully described what we know as celiac disease today. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation of the small intestine that affects genetically predisposed individuals across the world. The genetic predisposition occurs on HLA…

NK-cells (natural killers) represent a heterogeneous lymphocytes population of innate immune system. They have a natural cytolytic activity, are capable of producing cytokines and chemokines and are involved in the antiviral and antitumor body control. In the quiescent state, an average diameter of NK-cell is about 8.7 microns, while in the moment of its activation it may increase its size up to 10-12 microns (Ferlazzo et al., 2004). This feature was the reason for the initial determination of…

The body’s natural protection mechanism against infection from pathogen is not as effective as it can be, especially for individuals that have compromised immune response. The body’s immune response system has an essential resistance and adaptive immunity as its first line of defense. When the front-line defense (innate) immunity fails to protect the body against microbial pathogens the second line of defense (adaptive) which is more specific is activated (H. ,2012, September 11). The innate…