Monoclonal antibodies

Celiac Disease Celiac disease also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy. It effects a person’s digestive system. It has an adverse reaction to gluten based products. Gluten is defined as a gluey protein substance esp. of wheat flour that causes dough to be sticky. (Merriam-Webster) Enteropathy is defined as a disease of the intestinal tract. Gluten is found in food based of wheat, rye, barley, such as cereal, bread, pasta and biscuits. When you eat food that has gluten as an ingredient, your…

A pathogen is the name given to a group of organisms which cause diseases within the human body and are able to do so because of their ability to invade the bodies environment. Pathogens cause damage to the tissues within the human body by replicating themselves at a fast rate in order to invade as many near by cells and give themselves a better chance of survival before the immune system starts to fight them off (Fullick, 1998, pp. 8–9). They are passed on from one person to another and that's…

Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms of drug action. Loratadine is a “non-sedating” tricyclic anti-histamine that possesses competitive, selective, peripheral H1-receptor antagonistic activity. The onset of the anti-histaminic effect occurs 1-2 hours after the administration of the drug and the peak effect occurs between 8-12 hours. Loratadine is known as a long-acting anti-histamine as its anti-histaminic effect can persist for up to 24 hours. Histamine is produced from…

Gastric carcinoid tumors originate from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. ECL cells are confined in the gastric fundus and corpus cells (L. Vannella et al., 2011). ECL cells have the task of secreting histamine, which leads the secretion of parietal cells (L. Vannella et al., 2011). Histamines are produced by the immune system, and in response causes inflammation. Parietal cells are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the…

The host immune response is important in maintaining the health of periodontal tissues. The presence of pathogens in periodontal pockets will activate innate and adaptive immune responses in an attempt to clear the pathogenic threat as well as promote tissue homeostasis. However, the persistent presence of pathogens can cause the continuous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; which in turn causes inappropriate inflammatory mediator (cytokine, chemokine, antimicrobial proteins…

This project looked at how carbohydrates can have an effect on the ability of proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The blood brain barrier are formed by endothelial cells of the brain capillaries, restricts access to brain cells of blood-borne compounds and facilitates nutrients essential for normal metabolism to reach brain cells. This is a very tight regulation that results in the inability of small and large therapeutic compounds to cross the BBB. Lipidic systems can be…

substances that would otherwise be seen as harmless. Allergies rank high on the list among the world’s most common health conditions. They begin when an allergen, the substance responsible for the reaction, causes the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which coat mast cells. On subsequent re-exposure to the allergen, IgE reacts and causes the release of histamine and other inflammatory products from mast cells. These released substances lead to several of the signs and symptoms…

1. The immune system is a group of organs including your cells, proteins, and structure of the lymphatic and circulatory system that work together to keep the human body healthy. The immune’s system primary function is to protect all other organs systems from attack such as things like bacteria or prevent you from getting sick. Our body’s immune system includes three major parts. The first main defense of the immune system is known as barriers which is the first line of defense. Barriers…

1. A graft reject is a process in which the body immune system reacts or defends against the transplanted tissue. Because of this possibly, tissue typing or histocompatibility is used to minimize the chance of rejection of the recipient transplanted organ. The immune system attempts to defend the body against harmful substances such as germs, poisons, and sometimes, cancer cells. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gives the immune system the ability to distinguish between “self “and…

As Bayry et al explains in their journal article antibodies from healthy immune groups will somehow bind to heme and acquire the ability to recognize multiple antigens. It was originally thought that all antibodies bonded to their individual antigens in a lock and key sort of function. However, several similar studies, such as the experiment performed by Bayry et al, have led to a much different consensus. It has now been determined that many antibody molecules are capable of changing its…