Monoclonal antibodies

stimulates creation of mast and basophil cells. Mast and basophil cells are the effector cells, or the cells that respond to allergic diseases and bacterial infection. If immunoglobulin-E (IgE) is produced from damaged cytokines, the effectiveness of this antibody is stunted. The other theory is the altered skin barrier is due to deficiencies in skin layer and dry skin, which results from trans epidermal water…

types of lymphocytes. T-helper cells are responsible for directing and magnifying the immune system via production of cytokines. T-cytotoxic cells identify and lyse cells that are infected with viruses or cancer. Soluble proteins otherwise known as antibody, are produced by B cells to carry out procedures such as preventing free virus from entering into cells by binding to them and neutralizing bacterial…

Discussion of Relevant Literature In terms of understanding the role of the GI tract in immune response, articles 1 through 3 provided the best information. When trying to understand mechanisms or functions of a body system, it is important to discuss the implications of these mechanisms or functions in relation to what is relatable to the human body. Article 1 explains the role of GALT in the GI tract in relation to allergies, and goes further by discussing celiac disease, which is a common…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic destructive polyarthritis. Disease progression induces the production of lesions on joints, which can cause severe damage that lead to cartilage destruction and bone erosion, and eventually to the loss of joint functions [1, 2]. The synovial fluid and the serum of RA patients contain high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [3, 4]. The high levels of TNF-α are produced mainly by…

Many people state the phrase “ I understand “ or “ Can’t you just do this?” when it comes down to listening to someone explaining their problems. My mother heard these phrases every single time she tried to explain her allergy. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction, which is characterized by being rapid in onset with life threatening circulatory problems. We could never truly understand someone’s experience unless you lived through it or are…

call the immune system. So how does the immune system work you may ask? In simple sense, when foreign substances enter the body, the body detects these substances and triggers the lymphocytes to produce antibodies. These antibodies stick to the antigens to help stop it from further production. Antibodies are a major element to the…

The effects of stress Stress can be involved in anyone’s life, no matter their age or status, and it can get frantic trying to be able to deal with it. Stress can be caused by anxiety, for example test anxiety or even worrying about someone or something. Stress keeps us wary of things all around us, as well as keeping us ready for anything, almost like a flight or fight instinct. In this day and age, stress can get in the way of peoples busy lives, and with long-lasting stress, it starts to…

activated B cell can differentiate and secrete many antibodies with the same specificity for the original antigen. B cells express specific antigen receptors (immunoglobulin molecules) on their cell surface during their development and, when mature in the bone marrow, secrete soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies) into the extracellular fluids. Each B cell is genetically programmed to express a surface receptor…

Inhibition of cash crops and other plants immune system response has been linked to a bacterial infection. Researchers in the Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Carolina Centre for Genome Sciences at the University of North Carolina, and the Department of Biological Chemistry at John Innes Centre, have uncovered a correlation between bacterial protein, a molecule that performs…

Phyllanthus niruri Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have been studied for biological activities in various animal models and in vitro models and reported to possess significant antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiurolithiatic and diuretic. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra…