Metabolic pathway

client’s sensory pathways to his or her brain. The brain interprets this sensory information and a specific motor…

transition to solid foods such as vegetables contain cellulose which in turn are degraded by enzymes provided by the microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These products are used by host cells and act as precursors to trigger other metabolic pathways that are crucial for the conversion of substrates to usable resources of energy. Geographical location is a factor that pertains to notable differences in the microbiota of different populations. Other aspects such as culture,…

the process took a lot of time to identify its exact function and property. Ruford Zechner, a Biochemical professor at University of Graz, made a great contribution in the area of lipid catabolism and identified the properties of several important metabolic lipases involved in each step of the triglyceride hydrolysis into fatty acids. This led to the discovery of adipose-triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and its coactivator protein called CGI-58 [2]. Lipolysis is the process of lipid breakdown and…

Kaempferol is a natural polyphenol, secondary metabolite (flavonol), a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plant-derived foods. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C. It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress. Many studies suggest that consuming kaempferol may reduce the risk of various cancers, and it is currently under consideration as a possible…

source of determining lead compounds is by assaying libraries through HTS. Researchers analyze the drug’s ADME properties (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion)2. Further quality determinants of a lead compound include reversibility, metabolic stability, controllable physical properties, and preferably less than 3 μM is required for further testing3. In this experiment, lead compounds, with particular…

Introduction In mostly all living things, many biological processes are too inefficient to occur on their own. With the help of enzymes, or protein catalysts, the efficiency of these chemical reactions becomes much greater having less of an effect on the cells they occur in. Enzymes help to increase the overall rate of these reactions by lowering the energy needed to activate this process during the transitional phase. They can do this without being consumed or permanently altered by the…

Prenatal gene-environment is an important determinant of postnatal phenotype as it can predispose the fetus to development of the metabolic syndrome (Gluckman & Hanson 2004). The growth and maturation of each system and organ consist of a critical period when it is sensitive to the environment. As such, the production of phenotypes in a prenatal environment, termed predicted adaptive…

Aging Context Aging is treated as a vital factor in the etiology of human disease (ES-2014-aging). It is also an important risk factor for AD and PD onset and progression. Biologically, aging is an inevitable biological process that is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function, including cognition, and by the increased susceptibility to disease (RX-2013). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction are two interdependent mechanisms that play a central role in brain…

Respiration (Growth vs Maintenance Respiration) Plant respiration is the metabolic link between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. It is also a large component of a plant's carbon budget; perhaps typically 50-70% of carbon assimilated in gross primary productivity is released back to the atmosphere as CO2 during subsequent plant respiration (Amthor and Baldocchi, 2001). Growth is the conversion of temporary pools of substrates such as carbohydrates and amides into new…

when we sleep. Depleted during the day, rebuilt during the night. What’s important to note is that many genes found within the brain are only stimulated and active during sleep; more importantly, these genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways, so this idea makes sense. The most profound and primal idea, however, is that the brain process its memory consolidation, which is the brain’s ability to maintain, strength, and alter stored long-term memories. For example, if a…