Metabolic pathway

There is an important role of biological factors in the regulation of body weight. Some people are more susceptible than others to becoming overweight and obese. For instance basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects body weight and weight loss because some individuals naturally use more calories to sustain basic body processes. The size and number of an individual’s fat cells also help determine the amount of weight loss that is possible.…

determine the possible role of gender and muscle metabolics on the ventilatory response, this study provides significant insight into the impact of moderate limb occlusion on the muscle afferent group III/IV response. These results are especially significant in heart failure patients suffering from limb edema and exercise intolerance which are common symptoms of the condition (3). If the limb edema is causing the activation of afferent group III/IV pathways, then inhibiting these is a possible…

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed gene(s) in pigeonpea genotypes in response to Helicoverpa armigera infestation Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)millspaugh] is an important food legume predominantly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa almost exclusively as a rainfed crop. It is a diploid (2n = 22), often cross-pollinated crop with a genome size of 833.07 Mbp (Varshney et al., 2012). Globally, it is cultivated on an area of 4.92 M ha…

prominently, those involved in stress and reward. The systems affected by this are dopamine systems, opioid systems, γ-aminobutyric acid systems, glutamate systems, and serotonin systems. Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the reward pathway, which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol enhances the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Acute alcohol intoxication leads to an incentive motivation as the firing of dopamine is decreased…

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the body’s main source of chemical energy. It is produced by breaking down nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids and proteins, which are all found in food. At the start of the race, anaerobic pathways are used to provide a quick source of energy. Most of this energy is derived from the catabolism of fats. Since lipids are more reduced than carbohydrates, they are capable of storing more energy per unit weight. Triacylglycerols are the lipids used for energy…

9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic pathways and production of ATP Fermentation - occurs without O2, is partial degradation of sugars to release energy Aerobic respiration - uses O2 in breakdown of glucose (or other energy-rich organic compounds) to yield CO2 and H2O and release energy as ATP and heat Of some prokaryotes - doesn’t use O2 as a reactant but it 's a similar process Cellular respiration - usually used to refer to aerobic process Is…

The Connection Between Overeating and Cancer Food and nutrients are a necessity to live and thrive. However, consuming too much for this necessity can initiate a deadly chain reaction. Obesity is a disease stemming from various influences, such as the variety of food consumed and socioeconomic influences, but an important influence of this epidemic is overeating.9-12 Additionally, obesity is an epidemic impacting nearly 2 in 3 people within the United State population.1,2 Obesity as a disease…

Kane & Selsis (2014) proposed a modified Drake equation, originally intended as a “necro-biological” solution for the Fermi Paradox, involving pathogenic zombie apocalypses, signified by a measurable increase in greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO2, H2S, NH4, and CH4) due to the rotting of zombified sophonts and their domesticated animals. While the report itself was in fact a practical joke (there are no real life mechanisms for a zombie apocalypse), it did call to attention serious…

They are derivatives of common metabolic intermediates, for the most part amino acids and various keto acids or sugars. Octopine, a compound of arginine and pyruvic acid and nopaline, a product of arginine and a-ketoglutamic acid, were the compounds studied. Two significant findings were…

result in cancerous diseases. Every year thousands of people die as a result of smoking in different countries of the world. Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factor involved in hampering various metabolic pathways in the liver. It may lead to activation of several inflammatory pathways that may affect the liver metabolism. It may also effect the drug metabolism in the body. INTRODUCTION: Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical compounds and at least 400 substances that proved to be…