Metabolic pathway

The human body is made up of thousands of cells, each with a defined genetic program that allows them to work synchronically to regulate the metabolic and physiological processes required by the organism. All cells die (not accidentally), because in old age or because they are Cell death by apoptosis plays a crucial role in tissue development and homeostasis. This process is carried out through mitochondrial permeabilization and the activation of caspases. The condensation of chromatin and the…

Oxaloacetate, found in the mitochondrion, is a four-carbon molecule. In this project we performed a Bradford Assay and an SDH (Succinate Dehydrogenase) Assay. The goal of this project was to work with enzymes to gain a better understanding of how enzymes function and how they are impacted with the introduction of a variety of factors. A significant part of the experiment was determining the protein concentration of the prepared mitochondrial fraction which will be further explained. The reason…

mimic the complexity of an in vivo system; hence in vivo is preferred for the toxicological evaluation. In the present study BALB/c mice were chosen as the in vivo model due to their immunocompetence and similarity with human metabolic activity, biochemical and physiological pathways [27]. Understanding the physical and chemical properties of NPs is essential to study the biological effects of the NPs [28]. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of ZnO NPs was 300.2 nm as measured by DLS and the average…

Poor metabolizer Two inactive alleles Standard dose. Dose increase probably not necessary; be alert to adverse drug events. Atomoxetine is primarily metabolized through the CYP2D6 enzymatic pathway. The main metabolite, 4-hydroxyatomoxetine, is equipotent to atomoxetine as an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transport, but is found at much lower levels in the plasma. In individuals who lack CYP2D6 activity (poor metabolizers), 4-hydroxyatomoxetine…

“Acute Exercise Improves Motor Memory: Exploring Potential Biomarkers” is a study published in Neurobiology of Learning & Memory that focuses on the potential role several biomarkers have on exercise induced improvements of human motor skill acquisition and retention (Skriver et al., 2014). This correlational study expands on an earlier study conducted by Roig, Skriver, Lundbye-Jensen, Kiens, & Nielsen which found that a single cardiovascular exercise session improved motor skill learning by…

Three- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, or PDC, is an important part of the aerobic respiration process. It is a large multi-enzyme complex and one of the central enzymes for aerobic metabolism. The complex acts as a metabolic gateway between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and is one of the main enzymes for regulating the flow of metabolites between the two…

of requirements for a biology degree. Fortunately though, despite some brief moments of doubt, I was able to find my motivation and flip, expand, and reduce carbon rings all over the board until a solution was met. Whether it was illustrating metabolic pathways or filming an anatomy dissection tutorial video, learning and teaching through art became a true passion of mine. By shifting among a wide variety of talents, studies, and interests, I believe my versatility is similar to that of a…

The paper I chose for the Case of the Term assignment is “A case of tolterodine poisoning”. Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrusitol) (CAS #124937-51-5) is an antimuscarinic drug that belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics. Tolterodine is prescribed to treat urinary incontinence or overactive bladder by relaxing the muscles in the bladder. Tolterodine is marketed and manufactured by Pfizer. Antimuscarinic drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Tolterodine acts…

opening and therefore potentiate the inhibitory effect of GABA (26). BDZs have also been shown to bind peripheral BDZ receptors (27, 28) that bind (29) and transport cholesterol from outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane as part of several metabolic pathways (30) (31). These PBRs are also known as translocator proteins (TSPO), which are mitochondrial outer membrane proteins found in many tissues (31). Tao Zhou et. Al has shown that TSPO inhibits HIV-1 envelope protein and inhibition of TSPO…

Enhanced recovery after surgery is an evidence based, multimodal pathway that is designed to decrease the stress on the patient through out their surgical journey. It focuses on improving the outcome of the patient after surgery, by taking additional steps to manage the patient before, during and after surgery. The longer a patient stays in the hospital post op, there is an increase risk to become susceptible to infections in this regard, the protocol serves as a guideline used to reduce the…