Lev Kuleshov

Defining and recognizing play is the first step in understanding why play is important, however this seemingly simple task seems to have provoked disagreement between theorists for decades. It engages many disciplines and resists easy definition but generally play is defined as a self-chosen and self-directed activity in which the process is more valued than the result and participants are free to leave at any time. Play is diverse, multifaceted and intricate. Play is structured and has rules…

The ZPD lesson observation observes a teacher working with a student to help her learn to sound out letters, spell and read. The teacher uses several different tools and scaffolding methods in the video to help the child through the lesson. During the lesson Vygotsky’s sociocultural approach and the zone of proximal development are used to help the teacher and the student get through the lesson together. Vygotsky was a psychologist whose main work was in developmental psychology. Vygotsky came…

shots together and suggest a link between them (Bordwell and Thompson 2013: 227). The Kuleshov effect, named after an experiment in the early twentieth century by Russian filmmaker and theorist, Lev Kuleshov,…

to seeing stage productions from afar, films brought audiences closer to the actors than ever before through the use of the close-up. While many theorists covered the close-up because of its novelty, perhaps the most interesting among those were Lev Kuleshov and Jean Epstein, due to their direct relationships with the technique through the production of their own films. However, theorists such as Bela Balazs were among the first to write about film critically, inserting an angle from a critic,…

The salient aspect of Soviet Montage style is editing area. Edited cuts should captivate the viewers. For example, Lev Kuleshov who is an early filmmaker with this theory had experiment to prove how differently spectators react to image, depending on how they are combined together. In his experiment, he showed a close-up of an actor’s face with a shot of a coffin, soup…

Soviet Montage was a bold new theory of editing invented by Sergei Eisenstein. This new theory of montage allowed Eisenstein to make the audience think whatever he wanted them to think by arranging striking juxtapositions of individuals shots to suggest an idea that goes further than using a single shot to portray a message. It is an idea that ‘derives from the collision between two [or more] shots that are independent of one another’. (Taylor, Powell, pg 163) These montage sequences create…

D.W Griffith is known to Hollywood as the father of modern editing. In 1908 He introduced new innovations such as variation of shots such as the close-up shot, the long shot and the tracking shot and the variations in the pace of the film. While Porter concentrated on making the narrative in his films better through continuity, Griffith learned how to manipulate shots in order to have a bigger dramatic impact. His techniques included scene fragmentation which involves cutting from long shots to…

German Expressionism was well known to be bold, dark, distorted and spooky. It was emerged in Germany before World War I but, it tremendously influenced music, theater, painting, sculpture and architecture. These German Expressionism films at first were non-realistic, geometrically absurd angles, as well as designs painted on walls and floors represent light, shadows and objects. Meanwhile, many of these films plots dealt with madness, insanity, betrayal and other intellectual topics were…