Hypothalamus

move out of the collecting duct and be reabsorbed into the interstitial fluids. ADH secretion is regulated by both osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus and atrial stretch receptors, invoking a negative feedback loop to control osmolarity of the blood plasma as well as vascular volume. If there is a decrease in plasma osmolarity, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus will signal for a decrease the secretion of ADH form the posterior pituitary. This means there will be reduced permeability to water…

brain located behind the top of the brain stem and has 2 halves. It controls posture,balance,coordination,and speech Cortical Complexity: Cortical complexity is the size of the cords built up inside the animal's brain Limbic System:( Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala): Controls instinct and mood and also basic emotions(fear,happiness,sadness)/drives(hunger,…

Graves’Dissease is an autoimmune disorder which affects the Thyroid gland. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful foreign substances…but in autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body’s own cells and organs. Graves’Dissease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone…

pain due to inflammation from conditions such as arthritis. They are considered an analgesic due to their related properties to narcotics and synthetics. They act on the central and peripheral nervous systems by taking neuronal action onto the hypothalamus in the brain and by blocking sensitization of pain receptors in inflamed tissues of the peripheral system (Pharmacology of Health Professionals, Bryant). Salicylates are the most commonly used of all analgesics and they are also combined with…

norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus neurons which project to the thalamus. This in turn relays the nociceptive signal to the somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus[4, 5]. Parts of the brain shown to be involved in decoding the pain stimulus to cause perception include the thalamus, sensory cortex, reticular formation and hypothalamus. The somatosensory cortex identifies the location and intensity of the pain. The brain also modulates the pain response through the use of…

offer neurons the only protection against glucose toxicity during hyperglycaemia. GLUT 8 is a newly identified glucose transporter that has also been identified in the brain, localized specifically to the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus. Studies of this transporter in the hippocampus suggest that it does not respond to insulin but that it is activated by glucose itself, which recruits GLUT 8 to the plasma membrane. GLUT 8 might represent an insulin-independent…

The brain itself weights at 1.2 kg and is the size of a softball . (2) Eric Chudler once said “ the brain have so many thin tissues wrapped around it that looks like a billion spiderwebs. “ (3) Have you ever have a idea then the idea just suddenly vanish ? If you've answered yes to that question continue reading . Even despite modern technology reasearch on the development of memory on the human brain it's not just something you figure out overnight it's something that takes a lot of productive…

A presence of insulin in the brain, through a hypothalamus, reduces feeling of the hunger. In some circumstances overdosed consumption of carbohydrates may lead to high insulin levels, also to body resistance to it. This creates an excess of blood sugar in the form of body fat as well as increased risk…

floor of third ventricle and can be subjected to trauma by the catheter tip21.This can lead to massive intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhage, hemiparesis and midbrain damage. Manipulation of delicate structures around the third ventricle (hypothalamus & brain stem) can lead to intraoperative cardiac bradyarrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension and even cardiac arrest22.This procedure can also result in reduction of cerebral perfusion or even ischemia secondary to an increase in…

or fight” mode. In someone without PTSD it is a healthy response which is meant to protect a person from any harms way but in this case, it is either damaged or has drastically changed. The brain will release a response and transmits it to the hypothalamus and then to the pituitary glands which it releases both Cortisol and Adrenaline to keep the body alert. When the stressing action or threat has gone away, normally the body will soon calm down and expel the remaining hormones but with the case…