Halogen

The purpose of the experiment was to examine the reactivity’s of several different substrates under SN2 reaction conditions. Discussion: All of the SN2 reaction mechanisms react the exact same way. The nucleophile sodium iodide attacks the delta positive alpha carbon forming an intermediate that has a partially formed C-I bond and a partially broken bond between carbon and the delta negative leaving group. The stereochemistry is inverted at the alpha carbon as the C-I bond fully forms. Then…

2.4.3. Dispersion of Light The fact that the refractive index different for each wavelength of light produces an effect called dispersion. This can be seen by shining a beam of white light into a triangular prism of glass. White light entering a prism is refracted in the prism at different angles depending on the wavelength of light. The refractive index for the longer wavelengths (red) is lower than for the shorter wavelength (violet). This leads to a large angle of refraction for the longer…

Single Replacement Reactions and Double Replacement Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction. The evolution of energy as heat and light, production of gas, formation of a precipitate, and color change are 4 indicators of a chemical reaction. Two out of the six types of reactions are the single and the double replacement reactions. During single…

The crystal structure of a material provides variety of important concepts on various scales. A proper understanding of the internal structure of the material through the characterization methods has become essential to identify the novel materials for a specific device application. Currently wide range of experimental methods is available to know the mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the chosen materials. In this work, the prepared samples are studied using various techniques…

long excursions into the wild. Krakauer’s primary purpose in writing this novel is to express the joy of his encounter his nature, and to give an idea that sometimes a break from the civilized world is alright. “ The danger bathed the world in a halogen glow that caused everything-the sweep of the rock, the orange and yellow lichens, the texture of the clouds-to stand out in brilliant…

America was founded by our four fathers, in 1776, in order to make a better nation for the world. It has been a great nation with beliefs of freedom and liberty. These attributes come at a cost. Sometimes the cost ended up being a war. Many men and women have died defending our glorious country. Some wars include the Civil War, World War Two, and the Vietnam War. Timothy T Robles is a man of many talents. He was born in Pueblo, Colorado, November 7th, 1948. He was the fourth oldest of thirteen…

Noise is another major problem on the system. The impedance of a power supply network is time variant, because electric devices are randomly connected to the grid. Noise in the electric distribution network is caused by many electric devices, such as halogen lamps, microwave ovens, and other household appliances, impulsive noise is the most problematic noise scenario from the viewpoint of communication and it is produced for example by dimmers, switched-mode power supply units, fluorescent…

Plastic has been becoming more and more important since 1900’s and nowadays we cannot survive without it. In general, the major features of plastic are durability, light weight and low cost but these good properties also generate great problems to our environment. Current levels of use and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4% of crude oil is used as raw material for plastics and 3 to 4% extra are consumed to provide energy for manufacturing process. The major usage is…

by the Germans in November of 1944, when he returned to see that the institute was mostly deserted. In the 1950’s, Hassel began studying more into electron-donor molecules like ethers and amines, and he also began studying electron acceptors like halogens and halides. With years of hard work, this became his main field of…

CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Materials and Chemicals • Tin Oxide coated glass electrodes, 3 mm thick, 14 Ω/□, Pilkington • Anatase TiO2 nanoparticle colloid, Ti-Nanoxide D/SP, Solaronix Particle size 15-20nm with >100nm diffusing particles. • Black Dye N749, Ruthenizer 620-1H3TBA, Solaronix • Electrolyte: Iodolyte Z-150, Solaronix • Acetonitrile anhydrous 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich • tert-Butanol - anhydrous ≥99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich • Deoxycholic acid ≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich • Titanium (IV)…