Fractional distillation

This study involves the use of redox titration to determine the amount of oxalic acid in the sample solution. The analyte solution containing oxalic acid was added with sulfuric acid and heated prior to the titration with permanganate. The persistent pink color signaled the end of the titration. The amount of the oxalic acid in the solution was found to be 8.941%. The redox titration was precise in the quantification of oxalic acid with a standard deviation of 1.327%. Introduction One of the…

reacted in reactor (R 2301) to produce 95% of MTBE at a pressure that equals 3400 kpagauge and temperature of 120o C. In addition, butane column (V 2304) is available and it has two objectives, which are reaching 98% to 99% of MTBE production and distillation of MTBE from other components such as Methanol and unreacted isobutylene. MTBE transferred to the storage tanks and the other compounds go to Water wash column (V 2306). V 2306 is the next column that extracts Methanol from the mixture of…

[53]. The direct band gap energy (Eg) of Tb3+: SA crystals grown by SEST and SR methods are found to be 4.20 eV, 4.10 eV respectively, which is in good accordance with the reported values [54]. The value of band gap of Sulfamic acid was found to decrease with increase in impurity concentration and it is found between 4 and 5 [54, 55]. Fig(7). Plot of α vs. photon energy. 3.6 Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal…

Abstract: A one dimensional variable range hopping type conduction is observed in Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT : PSS) films and the mechanism behind enhancement in conductivity in 3% dimethyle sulfoxide (DMSO) doped PEDOT:PSS film is due to the phase segregation of PSS on the surface and reduction of energy barrier between the conducting grains. Enhanced conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films and transparency more than 80% in the visible region makes PEDOT:PSS films…

Introduction: A chemical reaction occurs when you mix baking soda and vinegar. The type of reaction that occurs when you mix the two is called a chemical reaction, the chemical property that is used is called reactivity. Some of the evidence that proves that a chemical change is occurring is when you start to hear a sizzle sound and gas starts to be produced. When the gas starts to produce you will see the bubbles start to rise. The two types of matter that are creating this reaction are called…

I. Abstract The experiment was about using a method of recrystallization to reform benzoic acid and unknown compound, and identifying that compound. The main principle is the polarity and solubility of compound. The compound was dissolved completely with distilled water in hot temperature and reformed back in cold environment. After the experiment, there were up to more than 50% of the compound being recrystallized and the unknown compound had the melting point at 165.2oC. The experiment…

2.7 Styrene Butadiene Rubber Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) belongs to the synthetic rubbers families that are derived from Styrene and Butadiene.[53] SBR is an aqueous dispersion of (25%) Styrene (CH2=CHC6H5) and (75%) Butadiene (CH2=CH-CH=CH2) copolymer as shown in Figure (2-1). The copolymerization of these two polymers may done by different ways. Mostly they copolymerized in an emulsion process, by dispersing a soap like surface acting agent where the materials are in water solution.[54]…

Chapter 3 Process description and modeling 3.1 Process Description of Propylene Glycol Production Process The physical properties of propylene glycol are colourless and clear syrupy liquid when exists at room temperature. Besides than in liquid form, it also may exists in vapor form in air. In order to produce a colourless and odourless chemical, propylene glycol (C3H8O2, PG) involve in the reaction of propylene oxide and water. This involve the process of the hydrolysis of propylene oxide…

Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to understand acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes through the formation of exo-norborneol from the reaction of Norborene with acid and the excess of water. Acid-catalyzed hydration is useful in removing double and triple bonds; an unsaturated compound becomes reduced to a saturated compound in the presence of the acid catalyst, or water for this experiment. Hydration of alkenes is the result of acid-catalyzed addition of water to a carbon-carbon…

with a cork (for diethyl ether evaporates quickly) and sat for a few minutes. During this time, a simple distillation apparatus was set up. A 50-mL flask was pre-weighed at 55.27 g. The oil and solvent mixture was filtered into the flask using filter paper and a funnel. It was then placed in a hot bath to distill off the diethyl ether until only cinnamaldehyde remained. When the distillation was finished, the diethyl ether was disposed of while the flask containing the oil cooled down. When it…