Enteric nervous system

development. Undoubtedly, these factors shape the motor systems of the burgeoning child. Reflexes, balance, with motor skills building to full independence paces are set for individual early children. The difference between the infant and the toddler is visible in running, walking, and large muscle activity. Twelve months proves the advancement for the infant from unrefined physical abilities to more flexible and dependable grasping system with coordination having graduated from touch only.…

Lafora disease is a rare, inevitably fatal, autosomal recessive, progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Being autosomal recessive, the disease is most commonly seen in communities that practice consanguinity. The onset of the disease occurs within the first two decades of life, with an average life span of 10 years following diagnosis (Monaghan & Delanty, 2010). Lafora disease is characterized by myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures and neurological dysfunction, such as dementia (Monaghan & Delanty,…

Alpha-synuclein is the protein in my second DNA sequence. Alpha-synuclein’s function in a healthy brain is unknown , but it is known that this protein causes Parkinson’s disease or PD. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system which causes one to not be able to control their normal movements. The way this works is that there is a malfunction and death of neurons in the brain , specifically substantia nigra, which is the movement control center in the brain. These dying neurons…

(Kalgutkar et al., 2001). It was determined that there are two isozymes of MAO: MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-B was found to be located in serotonergic neurons, histaminergic neurons and astrocytes (Saura et al., 1996). MAO-B plays a key role in the central nervous system as it is involved in the protection of neurons from exogenous amines, in ending the actions of amine neurotransmitters and to control the amounts of intracellular amine stored (Youdim, Edmondson and Tipton, 2006).…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, more formally known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a neurodegenerative disease, causing the selective degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, as well as those in the motor cortex portion of the brain, which ultimately leads to the limited to complete loss of all voluntary muscle function. Now while the main pathology of ALS is the selective death of the previously mentioned motor neurons, more recent studies have suggested that the homeostatic…

Getting diagnosed paralyzed or losing a limb has to be one of the worst individual experiences a person can have. Thankfully, things could be looking up for these patients because DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, has restored the sense of touch with a prosthetic arm given to a paralyzed person. Now, the patient can move the limbs with thought. “We’ve completed the circuit,” said DARPA program manager Justin Sanchez. “Prosthetic limbs that can be controlled by thoughts are…

Thao Nguyen CP GOV - Period 3 Inside the Teenage Brain Pruning is the process that removes inessential and defines paths of the brain of a teenager during their teenage development. All the branches that are created are formed through experiences and strengthened with practices. In the documentary, the growth of the brain is compared to a tree, hence, "the brain grows like a tree" - narrator. After a flurry of growth, the "unused branches or pathways are pruned"- narrator. "For Charlie, as he…

Naturally, the human body can increase blood flow on its own to insulate the brain, but only at higher altitudes. With this collar the same strategy is used, but with the aide of equipment. The collar in a way enhances the body's natural function and uses it to its own advantage. And because of this, the collar reduces the risk of concussions and may finally solve the concussion crisis. The “Q-Collar” when clinically tested on rats and humans, showed an 83% reduction of torn brain fibers after…

complex wall muscle is composed of the circular diagonal and muscle fibers (Newmark and Alvarado, 2001). The nervous system contains two ventral nerve cores. The nerve cores are aggregated in the anterior part of the planarian to form the cerebral ganglia that are connected to two ventral longitudinal nerve cords, which are interconnected with the lateral commissures, and a submuscular nervous plexus (Newmark and Alvarado, 2001, Wenemoser, 2011). The function of the cerebral ganglia is to…

The human brain works in amazing ways. The synapses that aren’t being used by the mind are to rest and are no longer being used. This process is referred to as pruning. Jay Giedd stated, “the most surprising thing has been how much the teen brain is changing.” Pruning is a great example of of how much the teen brain is changing. Through the teen years, the brain adapts and learns how to do activities more efficiently, the center of pruning. As teenagers and adolescents, although they are…