Enteric nervous system

Internally Generated Cell Assembly Sequences in the Rat Hippocampus
(Summary) It was long thought that the hippocampus was the seat of spatial navigation. However, newer models suggest that other cognitive processes such as episodic memory and action planning depend on the hippocampus. Further, these models suggest that this activity might be internally organized cell assemblies. To unpack the role of the hippocampus, these neurons predict where and animal is coming from as well as its…

A synaptic vesicle will fuse with the membrane of the presynaptic cell and will release its content into the synaptic cleft after action potential has been reached. The relationship between a synaptic vesicle and a neurotransmitter is that the synaptic vesicle will contain neurotransmitter which are macromolecules that neurons use to communicate with each other. For worms, the synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine which will go into the synaptic cleft cause by electrical impulses that go down…

This prelab was kind of confusing. First we were given a normal case and the information provided explained how sweating in triggered. The way I remember it is that the preganglionic nerve is activated and then will release acetylcholine. This causes the acetylcholine to bind to the nicotine receptors that will cause the receptor to open a channel by changing shape, which allows sodium to flow into the cell. Once full, there is an action potential that that travels down the nerve, which leads to…

How A Chiropractor Can Help Your Pain After An Auto Accident An auto accident can leave you with pain in your neck, back, or other parts of your body even if you don't have broken bones or deep cuts. The sudden jarring of your spine and muscles can cause misalignment, swelling, and strain that takes a long time to heal. Getting help from a chiropractor soon after the accident might speed your healing and help you avoid issues with chronic pain. Here are some ways a chiropractor can help you…

colleagues (2010) uses extremely simple tasks to demonstrate imitation. Interestingly, the ASD group failed to imitate the hand movements they observed while demonstrating normal MNS activity; this sheds doubt on the theory that the mirror neuron system must be involved in imitation-related impairments. Unfortunately for Fan and colleagues (2010), several other studies discuss familiarity and priming with simple actions; priming may be an issue because the subjects’ mirror neurons are activating…

decreased number of pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers and presence of polymorphic cells in subgranular zone of ectal limb of dentate gyrus [30]. Astrocyte damage has been shown to be associated with myelin disintegration in the central nervous system. The modulation in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein and neurofilament (NF) are reported to be associated with arsenite toxicity. It also upregulate vacuolated axons, especially those are present in…

Uri Hasson used the following analogy: Uri used five different listeners and scanned their brains before listening to a story. In each listener, their brain wave patterns are going up and down but the responses are very different and not in sync. Immediately when the story began all subjects locked into the story and the brain wave pattern changed going up and down in similar ways across all the listeners. Neural entrainment is a process where the brain response become locked in and aligned…

Parkinson's disease is a disorder in the brain, which affects your nervous system. By affecting your powerhouse which in other words the brain it can cause several side effects. This disease can cause shaking and difficulty with walking, any movement of the body, and even face expressions. Parkinson’s disease affects your whole body muscles because it damages your nerve cells in the brain which produce dopamine. The nervous system is the main source that helps you move and receives messages…

2015 Parkinson’s Disease The topic that has been chosen for my research paper is Idiopathic Parkinsonism or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that typically will progress slowly (3). It affects the nervous system of mostly elderly people and there is no cure for it. The major symptoms of PD include slowed movement, muscle stiffness, and tremors. “On average, about 1 to 2 out of 1,000 people have Parkinson’s” (4). The Center of Disease Control rated…

The retinal photoreceptors and retinal ganglion are only a couple of synapse distant apart but the responses from the ganglion cells are more diverse than the ones observed from the photoreceptor (1). The bipolar cells serve as a direct pathway linking the ganglion cells and the photoreceptors. Bipolar cells are retinal interneurons that have two protrusions, one that goes up and one that goes down. This structure layout is an indicator of the cells function, they link the inner and outer retina…