Endometrium

The woman in the body by Emily Martin attempts to find truth about how women perceive themselves and particular life changes as well as how pervasive medical explanations are in our society. The author investigates women’s experience with puberty, childbirth, menstruation, and menopause through interviews with 165 white and black women of different socioeconomic classes and ages. The author also works with medical models. Emily Martin is successful in explaining how cultural assumptions…

Compare the pathophysiology, manifestations, and treatments of common menstrual cycle disorders. Endometriosis is defined as endometrial tissue implantation outside the uterine cavity. Manifestations include: painful menses, pelvic pain and cramping before and during menstruation, lower back, and abdominal pain. Patients may experience pain during or after sex, pain with bowel movements or urination, excessive bleeding, occasional bleeding between periods, and infertility. Patients may also…

CLINICAL CLARIFICATION12, 22, 1, 5 • Peri-menopause, also known as the menopausal transition, precedes the menopause and is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles with associated endocrinologic changes and symptoms of hypoestrogenism. • Menopause is defined as amenorrhea for 12 months due to gametogenic failure, thus marking the beginning of the post-menopause. CLASSIFICATION20 • Peri-menopause ○ Early – Variable cycle length, > 7 days different from normal – Increased intermenstrual…

Menstruation is a bodily cycle of the female sex, and is often accompanied by several unpleasant symptoms and side effects. Menstrual leave in as extra leave of absence that can be taken when these symptoms make it difficult or impossible to properly perform your job. One of the controversies surrounding menstrual leave is that males do not receive these extra days of leave. Another controversy is that some believe this leave is given, not for the wellbeing of the menstruating party, but for the…

Blighted Ovum A blighted ovum is a condition in which a fertilized egg (embryo) attaches itself to the uterus but does not develop. The condition causes the placenta to grow and pregnancy hormones to be secreted. A blighted ovum is also called an anembryonic pregnancy. Women with this condition test positive for pregnancy even though they are not pregnant. CAUSES This condition may be caused by: A problem with a type of gene called a chromosome. A poor quality sperm or egg. SYMPTOMS…

The Science of Menopause Without getting too technical, starting in your late 30s your body will begin to produce less estrogen and progesterone. Thankfully, rather than dropping all at once, these hormone levels begin to gradually decrease over time, so that by your late 40s or early 50s, you are approaching the point when your hormone levels will no longer stimulate menstruation. However, this can mean many years of seemingly inexplicable changes occurring within your body, as it begins to…

stroma cells, the scaffold that supports the endometrium in a natural uterus, can be co-cultured with a great degree of success. Traditionally, most attempts at the co-culture of endometrial and stroma cells resulted a life expectancy that spanned from about one to three weeks. Originally, Fernandez-Shaw et al. (1992) and Satyaswaroop et al. (1979) were among the first to design a relatively reliable method for the isolation and co-culture of endometrium epithelial cells and stroma cells. Zhang…

sperm. 5b The endometrium and myometrium are both located in the wall of the uterus. The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus; while the myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall. The endometrium is a highly vascular mucous membrane lining. During fetal development, the endometrium functions to provide nutrients to the embryo. However, if the oocyte is not fertilized during ovulation, the endometrium deteriorates during the menstrual phase. The endometrium is later repaired…

vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of in vivo models. The gene transcripts level of VEGF is stimulated at the time of implantation because process of implantation occurs under hypoxic condition. In rodents, VEGF is involved during embryo–endometrium crosstalk by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability of endothelial cells at implantation sites in rodents (Rabbani and Rogers, 2001; Rockwell et al., 2002). The VEGF’s mRNA and protein expression level has been…

increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterine wall and is composed of a outer functional layer and a inner basal layer. The endometrium is lined by ciliated columnar epithelial cells and its lamina propria contains simple tubular types of endometrial glands. Pathogenesis: Normally, following a menstrual period, Pituitary hormones and ovarian estrogen stimulates the proliferative phase of the endometrium. This proliferative phase is halted by…