Compare the pathophysiology, manifestations, and treatments of common menstrual cycle disorders.
Endometriosis is defined as endometrial tissue implantation outside the uterine cavity. Manifestations include: painful menses, pelvic pain and cramping before and during menstruation, lower back, and abdominal pain. Patients may experience pain during or after sex, pain with bowel movements or urination, excessive bleeding, occasional bleeding between periods, and infertility. Patients may also experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstruation. Treatments include menstrual control using oral contraceptives such as Provera, Medroxyhexal and Depo-Provera. Patients can use heat packs, relaxation, and calcium …show more content…
This term applies only to the last menstrual period. The actual date of menopause cannot be determined until at least one year has passed without menses. Some lab findings may include Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen (estradiol), FSH levels increase and estradiol levels decrease as menopause occurs, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, hypothyroidism can cause symptoms similar to those of menopause. Other finding may include: irregular menses, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, mood changes, weight gain, slowed metabolism, thinning hair, dry skin, and loss of breast fullness. Nurses can educate the patient on ways to reduce the severity of the symptoms associated with menopause, hormone therapy is the most effective. Patients can use estrogen creams for vaginal dryness. If the patient is experiencing depression, they may be prescribed a SSRI antidepressant. The health care provider may also prescribe supplements to prevent osteoporosis (Ignatavicius, 2013, p. …show more content…
Hydroceles are usually painless. Hydroceles can usually go untreated; however they can become very large and cause the patient discomfort. If the hydrocele becomes large the patient can opt to have it drained or surgically removed. Hydroceles will not affect the patient fertility. A spermatocele can be described as a sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle. Spermatocele are usually asymptomatic and no interventions are needed; however, if the spermatocele grows large enough, the patient can opt for it to be surgically removed. Spermatocele does not cause infertility. Varicocele can be described as a cluster of dilated veins behind and above the testis. On assessment, health care providers may notice a the testis have a “wormlike” feeling. Varicocele can affect either vesicles or just
Endometriosis is defined as endometrial tissue implantation outside the uterine cavity. Manifestations include: painful menses, pelvic pain and cramping before and during menstruation, lower back, and abdominal pain. Patients may experience pain during or after sex, pain with bowel movements or urination, excessive bleeding, occasional bleeding between periods, and infertility. Patients may also experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstruation. Treatments include menstrual control using oral contraceptives such as Provera, Medroxyhexal and Depo-Provera. Patients can use heat packs, relaxation, and calcium …show more content…
This term applies only to the last menstrual period. The actual date of menopause cannot be determined until at least one year has passed without menses. Some lab findings may include Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen (estradiol), FSH levels increase and estradiol levels decrease as menopause occurs, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, hypothyroidism can cause symptoms similar to those of menopause. Other finding may include: irregular menses, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, mood changes, weight gain, slowed metabolism, thinning hair, dry skin, and loss of breast fullness. Nurses can educate the patient on ways to reduce the severity of the symptoms associated with menopause, hormone therapy is the most effective. Patients can use estrogen creams for vaginal dryness. If the patient is experiencing depression, they may be prescribed a SSRI antidepressant. The health care provider may also prescribe supplements to prevent osteoporosis (Ignatavicius, 2013, p. …show more content…
Hydroceles are usually painless. Hydroceles can usually go untreated; however they can become very large and cause the patient discomfort. If the hydrocele becomes large the patient can opt to have it drained or surgically removed. Hydroceles will not affect the patient fertility. A spermatocele can be described as a sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle. Spermatocele are usually asymptomatic and no interventions are needed; however, if the spermatocele grows large enough, the patient can opt for it to be surgically removed. Spermatocele does not cause infertility. Varicocele can be described as a cluster of dilated veins behind and above the testis. On assessment, health care providers may notice a the testis have a “wormlike” feeling. Varicocele can affect either vesicles or just