Emphysema

the level of elastases in the lungs beyond the body’s ability to neutralize the elastases. Over the years, the elastin within the lungs is lost, tissue becomes destroyed, and emphysema is the resulting condition (Stockley RA, 1995). This combined with the heroin additive increases a person’s chances of developing emphysema. It is thought that the damage is caused due to heroin burning at a higher temperature than tobacco.This Inflammation in the airways and repeated cycles of inflammation and…

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin is a single-chain glycoprotein, composed of 394 amino acids, weighing 52kDa with 3 sidechains of carbohydrates, with a half-life of 4-5 days. It is a protease inhibitor, one of the key members of the serpin superfamily. Production takes place in the liver, it is then transferred to the lungs via the bloodstream. The protein is vital for protection of the lung from common infections, chemicals, and harmful irritants, such as vapours, gases and tobacco smoke. Production of…

Infections Cough and production of phlegm 7. The common risk factors shared between angina and emphysema are:- Cigarette smoking- Emphysema is common among cigarette smokers. It can damage the interior walls of arteries which can further block the flow of blood and can lead to pain in the chest(angina). Increase in Age- Inhalation of pollutants for a long period of time can increase the risk of emphysema and older people of more than 45 years of age are at more risk of angina than younger…

lives. This is not helpful for our community for tons reasons, here are three. The first reason is; smoking is proven to cause diseases that can kill you. For example, Emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis, which is proven to kill you, which can be caused by smoking. Smoking can cause black lung due to emphysema, which you also receive by smoking. Secondly; Second hand smoking. You can still receive lung cancer from breathing in other people’s smoke. Also, if you have…

The top 3 differential diagnoses for Ms. Johnson are asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Data that supports the diagnosis of asthma for Mr. Johnson are shortness of air especially upon exertion (“can’t keep up during walk”), respiratory wheezes, productive white sputum, tachycardia, decreased force expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which is 56% as listed in the case study. Supporting data for chronic bronchitis are that Ms. Johnson has risk factor of extensive history of tobacco…

Describe the process of normal breathing beginning with the brain. Explain how a condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can interfere with the normal process of respiration. Breathing occurs subconsciously without one being aware of its different steps: stimulation of the respiratory control centers in your brain, inhalation, gas exchange, and exhalation. The medulla oblongata controls the body when to breathe. During the ventilation, process the phrenic nerve sends a…

1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD B? There are multiple types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD “characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways (Porth & Matfin, 2009). The recurrent obstruction makes it difficult for a person to breath overtime this problem occurs in the lower respiratory tract. COPD compromises the flow of air in the lungs this causes less oxygen that is being circulated…

Henry Williams is a 74 year old African American male. Mr. Williams was admitted to the hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mr. Williams has a past medical history of COPD, cardiovascular disease (CVD), asthma, hearing loss with use of hearing aids, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. He smoked one pack per day for 50 years. He quit smoking about 6 years ago. Mr. Williams was sent to the emergency department (ED) by his primary care doctor,…

The main cause of the disease is cigarette smoke and exposure to irritating gases for a long time. People with COPD are at a much higher risk of developing heart diseases and other conditions. Contributing conditions to COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema is the condition in which the alveoli are destroyed due to damaging exposure. Chronic bronchitis is the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. COPD is treatable. People with the condition can control the symptoms by…

1 Emphysema 2 Pulmonary fibrosis – likely asbestosis 3 Type 2 diabetes 4 Hypertension 5 Depression Thank you for Lindsay Cullen. Unfortunately, a referral letter was not available at the time of consultation, but I gather Lindsay is a retired Telstra maintenance worker who reports asbestos exposure over a ten-year period, up until 25 years ago. Lindsay is also an ex-smoker of approximately 20 pack-years, having ceased this habit 25 years ago. As you are aware, for a number of years Lindsay…