Empirical

1. Empirical sciences are sciences that make assertions “the truth of which is dependent on the world”, they use our senses, either observations about the world or experiments (not always possible, we cannot create all the situations needed) to come to a claim. For example, statistics and computer science are not empirical sciences, because their truth is not dependent on what the world is like. They are true regardless of what is happening in the world, it has nothing to do with how the world behaves, because our observations will not change the truth of the statistics and computer science. This is the case, because the truths that come from them are a priori, they are not dependent upon observations and experiments and so we only rely on…

planning my research, I assume that the best approach to find an answer for my question is to apply the principles of the scientific method, conceptualization, operationalization, measurement, data collection and analysis, with the realization that there is a real answer to my question that could be reached through objective investigation. All of these assumptions underlie the basic principles of the post-positivist approach. Below, I discuss the fundamental assumptions underlying the ontology…

the global politic scene. Nonetheless, as human behavior forms the basis of political science, it can be inherently difficult to quantify. This begs the question as to whether or not political science can be considered a hard, quantifiable science—one based on empirical evidence. In “Clouds, Clocks, and the Study of Politics,” Gabriel Almond and Stephen Genco utilize Karl Popper’s metaphor of “clouds” and “clocks” in an attempt to place comparative politics on the spectrum of science. To do…

opportunities. However, during the antebellum era, several important changes were introduced to address the rights and roles of women in the society. Consequently, though earning a much lower pay at the time, women started getting access to job opportunities. The job landscape has continued to evolve over time and presently more women are enjoying almost similar employment opportunities as their male counterparts. In this paper, Goudreau , Adamy and Overberg’s effectively support this argument…

The eight ethical virtues are: clarity, congruency of management, congruency of supervisors, feasibility, supportability, transparency, discussability, and sanctionability. The importance of ethics programs and their methods are given. The work also examines transactional verses transformational leadership and methods of resolving moral issues. The methodology and research design section examines the collection of empirical data, which evaluates the relationship between leadership and…

Today, the condemnation of Galileo’s advocacy of Copernican heliocentrism is often cited as an example of how the medievals were inherently hostile to science. However, a closer examination of two factors of the Galileo controversy shows that the modern conception is incorrect. First, the history: Galileo had enjoyed the pope’s support until Galileo attacked the pope personally, and even once convicted, Galileo did not suffer under substantial persecution from the church. Second, it is necessary…

However, this Theory of HRM has been highly criticised due to limitations which stem from inconsistencies surrounding empirical research. Examples of these inconsistencies, which are common within empirical research, include researchers using different practices when examining ‘Best Practice’ relationships and examining different outcomes. In trying to define a set of “best practices” that translates well to all organizations, much difficulty has arisen as researchers have not been able to agree…

expansive and comprehensive approach to psychological issues since it is objective. Notably, there exists a large gap between research and practical application in psychology; indeed, only a slight percentage of research work is integrated to mainstream practice. Thereby, evidence based practice is geared towards closing in on this gap to boost the outcome in field of psychology. Normally, such gaps are blamed on lack of empirical validation of research; however, that evidence based practice…

(research into human anatomy); Harvey (treatise on blood circulation); Hooke (discovery of cells); van Leeuwenhoek microscopic observation of microorganisms); and Boerhaave (“the father of physiology”) (New World Encyclopedia, 2015). In philosophy, John Locke argued that governments derived their power from the people, via a social contract, rather than from God. He saw the main purposes of government as protecting life, liberty and property. Montesquieu advocated for the protection of political…

The difficulty with reconciling natural science and sense perception is that scientific research requires us to formulate abstract notions based on our qualitative observations. The question above mentions the sensory observation that the table is solid, which is accurate. However, this claim is also influenced by the physical boundaries of our senses. We can reconcile the two sources of knowledge but we have to explain how observations developed by natural science are independent of its…