DNA repair

There are many possible causes, that can set off, trigger, or make cancer appear. By having abnormal gene functions, is one of the ways that helps contribute to the causing of cancer. The genes that everyone has, are all tiny little pieces of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). The instructions they give out basically help make the proteins we need to function, when it is time to destroy the damaged cells our body makes, and the last basic one is how to keep our cells in our body in balance. Three out…

being and through the lifespan, how gene activities segregate during cell division and how our progeny can inherit the consequences of our lifestyle (Holliday, 2006). To explain the concept of epigenetics, I will use the changes in the pattern of the DNA called methylation (an epigenetic cell tool to switch off a gene) (Phillips, 2008) and its relationship to diseases like cancer. I would do this through a very interesting article “Epigenetics in Cancer”…

Progeria is a progressive genetic disorder that causes premature aging. It is extremely rare, as only one in four million newborns, will have it worldwide. Progeria is also call Hutchinson-Gilford Disease, after Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson, who described the disease first in 1886, and Dr. Hastings Gilford, who did the same thing in 1904. In 2003, Researchers from The National Human Genome Research Institute, The Progeria Research Foundation, The New York State Institution for Basic Research in…

necrosis include ROS, Calcium ions, poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and lysosomal proteases (888). PARP is an enzyme that is responsible for repairing DNA damage, such as strand breaks. Cells that have undergone a traumatic cellular insult typically have damaged DNA. PARP will deplete cellular ATP in an attempt to repair the massive damage to DNA. Several proteases are activated by increased cellular calcium ion concentration that degraded important cellular proteins. (888) Necrosis is not…

The rare disease known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic disorder that causes newborn children to age more rapidly than normal. HGPS belongs to a group of progeroid syndromes that can classified as segmental disorder that affect many tissues and organs and display symptoms that resemble physiological aging. This disorder unfortunately results in a short life span for those affected. It is reported that it occurs about 1 in 8 million births around the globe. (Arancio,…

Mutation in the silencing gene SIR4 can delay aging in S. cerevisiae Gene mutations that affect silencing at HM loci, telomeres and other regions of the chromosome have been shown to relate to stress resistance and aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae is a species of yeast in which goes through asymmetrical cellular division. Its lifespan is measured by the number of cellular divisions the mother cell is able to complete before death. In the research study by Kennedy et al, the…

The genetic disorder known as Cystic Fibrosis affects about 30,000 people in the us and about 70,000 in the world. The disorder can cause people to have many problems such as difficulty breathing, difficulty digesting food, and many other problems with the lung, pancreas, and many other parts in your body. The disease is caused by a defective gene called the CFTR gene. These genes code to produce CFTR proteins which are used to transport water and particles into or out of cells. This helps…

Writing Assignment 1: Description of Unknown Mutant Allele Phenotype Subtle differences were observed after comparing all body parts of mutant and a wild type D. Melanogaster. It was discovered that normal venation pattern was disrupted in mutant D. Melanogaster. The phenotype mutation (vein pattern) of D. Melanogaster was identified with a different degree of expressivity in mutant D. Melanogaster; this was achieved by differentiating the single line (longitudinal vein 5) on a wild-type wing…

The identification of genes causing non-syndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHL) [http://dnalab-www.uia.ac.be/dnalab/hhh/] has partially resolved the puzzle of clinical and genetic heterogeneity of deafness (1). Among these genes the gene with the most significant impact on the population genetics and genetic counselling is the GJB2 (connexin-26) gene with the mutation c.35delG that accounts for the majority of mutations in deaf Caucasians (2, 3). Studies published so far have reported the…

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genomic imprinting disorder caused by the failure to express SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N) gene product. SNRPN is expressed only on the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13, however, the exact genes responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome haven't been identified. People normally inherit one copy of chromosome 15 from each parent. Some genes are active only on the copy that is inherited from a person's father, the paternal copy. Genomic…