DNA repair

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    of defective DNA in mother’s egg with a normal DNA from a second woman, therefore babies inherit genes from two mothers and one father. Consequently, the resulting baby has 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes from its mother and father. The donor donates only DNA that is in mitochondria (less than 0.2% of total DNA). Two mitochondrial transfer techniques exist, both use in vitro fertilization (IVF) (Ian Sample, 2015). The first is maternal spindle transfer (MST), where the “repair is done…

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    Norma Cell Cycle

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    In the cell cycle, there are many phases. These are always monitored for being properly functioning. For example, if a DNA strand is missing, it will be noticed in the process. This is what is called the NORMAL cell cycle. In the CANCER cell cycle however, things are a bit different. All cells go through a cycle, from the G0, to the M phase (mitosis). The initial phase, G0, is where cells “rest”, maintaining normal, non-division related functions. Cancer cells usually cannot or do not enter G0,…

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    CRISPR Essay

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    genetic information controls the growth, configuration and function of the human body; and at the same time, to understand how variations within our DNA sequence cause diseases. The other, is the use of CRISPR, a technology for editing DNA. In nature, bacteria have a mechanism of an acquired immune system that allow them to cut section of virus DNA and incorporate it into its own, which will protect them from future viral infection. When bacteria identify the presence of a virus, they create…

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    Synthetic Spider Silk

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    the spiders from South Africa. Rising and colleagues conducted research on the spider’s DNA and silk to find out what part of the DNA constructs the silk protein. They utilized the polymerase chain reaction in their experiment to duplicated the DNA segments of the spiders. Then, they put the DNA into small segments that would go inside bacteria easily. The bacteria took the small segments and added it to the DNA, with the ability to produce…

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    series of DNA sequences found within the genomes of bacteria and archaea. CRISPR function as a part of the adaptive immune system, and work to help cells fight infections caused by viruses. They are made up of two core components: repeats of the host DNA, and spacers comprised of foreign material. When a never-before-seen virus attacks the cell, a spacer is created within the CRISPR system that stores the genetic material of said virus. If that virus or a similar one attacks again, the CRISPR…

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    H4 Histone Variants

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    All histone families except for H4 histone have variant forms (Kamakaka and Biggins, 2005). Unlike core histones, which are only expressed during S phase, histone variants are continuously expressed throughout the cell cycle and incorporated into DNA in a replication-independent manner (Sansoni et al., 2014). A great number of histone variants have been discovered and well studied to date, as illustrated in Table 1. CenH3 is a ubiquitously expressed variant, which is enriched at the centromeric…

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    not possible to clone the dinosaurs from The DNA found in the mosquitoes that had sucked dinosaur blood and got trapped and preserved in amber millions of years ago. This is because to clone the dinosaurs a complete strand of dinosaur DNA is required, and the dinosaur DNA need to be inserted into the dinosaur ova (which does not exist) to create an embryo. Otherwise, the offspring will be badly malformed if the dinosaur DNA is inserted in any other ova which does not belong to the species of…

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    genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA/RNA. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complement set of nuclear DNA but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes genome contain significant portion of repetitive DNA, there are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats…

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    BRCA2 Protein Analysis

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    The protein I have found from my DNA sequence is BRCA2. BRCA2’s official name is “breast cancer 2, early onset.” The gene mutation that can occur is breast cancer susceptibility. BRCA2 is a protein coding gene. The gene makes a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. This helps to prevent rapid or uncontrollable growth of cells. BRCA2 also helps to repair damaged DNA. It helps to maintain stability of a cell’s genetic information. When this gene is mutated, it can cause an increased risk of…

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    Through GET, DNA can be altered in a very precise manner, often a single base (Huang et al. 2016). For targeted genome editing, two sequence-specific nucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), have been initially proposed to cut in the double-strand DNA in eukaryotic organisms (Ainley et al. 2013). More recently, clustered regular interspaced short palindromic…

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