Crystallography

Electron microscope (Manning, n.d.) is the instrument used to magnify different scientific artifacts with the used of electron beams to create the illustration of the sample, and has the capacity to magnify two million times of the original specimen. The development of the electron microscope was first known in the year 1931 because Ernst Ruska and Maximoll Knoll magnified electron image successfully, but the equipment was actually constructed in 1933 (Innes, n.d.). The concept of the electron…

of my parents are away, on a business trip or otherwise, the other parent tends to be understandably stressed. He or she has to take care of both my brother and I by themselves. Once, my dad had to go to Cold Spring Harbour to take a course in crystallography for two weeks. Hard as it was for my brother and I, my mother toiled the most. Driving 40 minutes each way, she would see patients at the hospital till 5:00 in the evening, then come home and take us to one class or another. Noticing this…

Biological functions: The main biological functions for CRP to determine via its ability to identify pathogens and injured cells of the host and mediate their elimination via activating the complement system and phagocytic cells (Brundish and Baddiley,1968 ; Weiser et al., 1997). CRP binds to microorganisms and mediates their killing to more recent observations of protection against bacterial pathogens in CRP transgenic mice. The most significant evidence has supported the notion that CRP plays…

Subject History At the subject’s time of death, Walter (Walt) White had recently turned 52 years old. A caucasian male, he was described as having a bald head and a prominent beard, and was commonly found to be wearing a top hat fedora in what he considered his pseudonym “Heisenberg”. As described by his wife, Walter is approximately 165 pounds and 5’11” in height (“Grilled”). In his early years, it is assumed that he was left to his own devices frequently, as he grew up as an only child to a…

Rosalind Franklin’s story started in Notting Hill, London, United Kingdom. Her full name was Rosalind Elsie Franklin, and she was born to a rather conspicuous British Jewish family on July 25, 1920. The second of five children, three boys and two girls. Daughter of Muriel and Ellis Franklin, both of her parents originated from Jewish families that settled in England in the 1700s and 1800s. Her guardians owned banks and publishing companies. They were both educated and companionable people.These…

1. Describe 3 targets of antibiotics, why each target is unique to the particular bacteria, and under what circumstance the bacteria could be resistant to that particular drug. (5 pts) As the name implies 50s subunit protein synthesis inhibitors such as erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the 23S rRNA molecule of the bacterial ribosome. This ultimately acts to block the exit of the growing peptide chain. It should be noted that gram+ bacteria more…

the groundwork for modern virology through her work on the tobacco virus and polio (Bagley, 2013). Additionally, her work on coal and graphite, is still being quoted today (“Rosalind Franklin”, n.d). Most importantly, Franklin perfected x-ray crystallography and produced the famous “photograph 51” that proved the helical structure of DNA (Maddox, 2003). To conclude this nomination, I believe that the Carleton prize for Biotechnology should go to the exceptional scientist Rosalind Franklin. She…

understood without determining their three-dimensional structure. Protein structure prediction problem is one of the major challenges in bioinformatics and molecular biology[2]. The classical techniques for structure prediction of proteins are X-ray crystallography[43], [44] and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) [45], [46]. But, these methods are expensive, time-consuming, and laborious, where computational methods are capable of reducing the cost, time, and saving the development resources. In…

Travelling Salesman Problem (using SA and GA) Authors : IIT2015508, ITM2015006, IIT2015507, IIT2015131, IIT2015138 Under Guidance of : Dr. Vrijendra Singh Abstract — TSP is an NP complete problem, presently there is no polynomial solution available. In this paper we try to solve this very hard problem using various heuristics such as Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm to find a near optimal solution as fast as possible. We try to escape the local optimum,…

Clostridium difficile (hereafter C. Difficile) is a bacteria that contributes to many diseases, the spectrum of disease can range from mild cases of diarrhea to more life threatening cases like pseudomembranous colitis to toxic megacolon (Kelly 2008). Since the 1970s the use of certain antibiotics such as clindamycin to treat other infectious diseases was shown to lead to more toxic strains of C. difficile. Starting in the 1980s, cephalosporins, were the new drug of preference to treat other…