Crystallography

Types of Spectroscopy used in Organic Chemistry 1.1 Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light (electromagnetic radiation) (Crouch & Skoog, 2007). It is often phrased as the light of knowledge (Reusch, 2013). In the past, spectroscopy started by the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength by a prism (Anon., n.d.). Now, with the knowledge of light having both wave-like and particle-like characteristics, with given frequency or…

Objective: In-silico assessment analysis of Protein database entries of the Pf. lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzyme, considered as an important target for designing of anti-malarial drugs. Methods: PDB structures of the enzyme Pf. lactate dehydrogenase were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. These were subjected to ANOLEA energy assessment analysis and Swiss model was used to analyse Ramachandran plot. Results: The energy assessment analysis and analysis of Ramachandran plot were carried out…

Similar to other discoveries, evidence shows that discovery of the DNA structure was marred by controversies. Part of this controversy involved Rosalind Elsie Franklin, an X-ray crystallographer who was working on DNA with Maurice Wilkins at King’s College in London, England, between 1950 and 1953 (Sayre, 1975). She then moved to Birbeck College in London, where she worked on tobacco mosaic and poliovirus until her tragic death from cancer in 1958 at the age of thirty-seven. Following the…

1. Francis Crick Crick discovered the relative distances of the repetitive elements in the DNA molecule, and the dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell which indicated that the molecule was in two matching parts, running in opposite directions. He also, in collaboration with Watson discovered the material that our genes are made of and put forward the model of the double helix DNA structure which included the measurements of the angels formed by different chemical bonds. Crick in collaboration…

Introduction: Enzymes play a major role in biological systems to catalyze and control different reactions. The study of enzymes’ behaviors toward substrates and products is significant to understand various enzyme catalyzed reactions in living organisms. One of the most important enzymatic group is cytochrome P450 (CYP450) which contribute to the metabolism of many endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as drugs. Although there are several subtypes of CYP450 family, CYP450 1A1 is going…

Protein structure prediction is that the prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its organic compound sequence — that's, the prediction of its folding and its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure from its primary structure. Structure prediction is essentially totally different from the inverse downside of protein style. protein structure prediction is one among the foremost necessary goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry; it's extremely…

Structure of DNA: The Double Helix Introduction: DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. It is a type of Nucleic Acid, which has deoxyribose sugar in it instead of ribose. DNA has a double helical structure. By double helix, the meaning is two strands of polynucleotide running parallel and coiled around each other through hydrogen bonding. DNA is hereditary material in all the living organisms on this planet. The basic mystery behind its heredity nature resides in the same double helical structure…