Bondi Junction

the help of a NSW Government contribution of $100,000 for public trials. Once final testing had taken place, the innovative Clever Buoys were tested in Bondi Beach in early 2016 between February and April as part of the NSW Governments $16 million Shark Management Strategy. The Clever Buoy isn’t yet in commercial production, however there are still a number of factors that have contributed to the success of the initial concept and the trials help at Sydney’s Bondi Beach. TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUCCESS The success of the Clever Buoy has been derived from the 3 years’ worth of testing in confined and wild conditions. However, there have been many refinements since the first sea trials of the Clever Buoy at Port Stephens in March 2014. Since then, engineers refined the sonar system later that year for then to re-test it in April 2014, for the system to then be tested on May 26th 2014 in Bondi Beach. The system was deemed successful, and thus demonstrations to the end user, Bondi Lifeguards, were carried out in March of 2015. The Lifeguards enthusiastic response contributed to a further development in the system to improve public safety. In 2016, a larger buoy was developed to accommodate for a larger battery system and solar panels to ensure longer endurance at sea. As a result, a second stage of demonstrations to the Bondi Lifeguards were carried out, the system was then launched near to the surf zone for a 90 day sea trial. Ultimately, the longevity yet efficiency of how…

Case Study: Hereditary Canine Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genetic Background Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA) is proven to be an autosomal-dominate disease that affects most noticeably the Brittany spaniel (Pinter MJ, Waldeck RF, Wallace N, & Cork LC, Motor Unit Behavior in Canine Motor Neuron Disease, 1995). HCSMA originated as a spontaneous mutation in the Survivor Motor Neutron gene found in the purebred Brittany spaniel population (Ericsson. A & Rubin. C, 2012). Due to the…

1. Nerve conduction tests of the ulnar, tibial, and peroneal nerves involves testing how well and quickly a nerve can send electrical signals to begin contraction of skeletal muscles. The first step in muscle contraction is excitation of a skeletal muscle fiber by a nerve signal. The nerve signal must be sent to the neuromuscular junction to open the voltage-gated calcium channels. Just like in a muscle fiber, the neuron must reach threshold potential before the action potentials can be…

1. What are the functional classifications for the biceps and triceps muscles in the bicep curl movement? What type of contractions are the biceps and triceps performing during a bicep curl? There are two functional classifications for the biceps and triceps muscles, which are the following: agonists and antagonists. The agonist generates the most powerful force in the biceps, in comparison to the triceps. The Triceps focuses on protecting the muscles from hyperextending the arm, by using the…

Pharmacology- Practical based exercise Introduction/ aims Acetylcholine (ACH) is a neurotransmitter which operate in the brain, ACH are known as cholinergic because they are released from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, (Colovic, 2013). There are drugs which look to copy these effects or inhibit them, they are known as cholinergic drugs. ACH has two types of receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Nicotine acts as antagonists for nicotinic receptors, by blocking these…

A nerve cell is also called a motor neuron, which is made from a cell body, an axon and axon terminals. The cell body contains a nucleus and dendrites that receive the signals and send it down the axon that is covered in myelin sheath. The axon terminals are connected to the muscles creating a neuromuscular junction. This is where the signal is relayed to the muscle. There are two groups of motor neurons: upper and lower. Upper motor neurons are those found in the brain and lower motor neurons…

Introduction: Temperature can affect the rate at which an action potential is generated to excite an action potential within a given skeletal muscle. Maximum contraction is the ability of the muscle to recruit and produce its greatest force during a contraction, and we can observe these effects by using a grip force transducer, which records the functional grip force of the hand. Therefore, the purpose of this lab was to discern how varying temperatures affect maximum contraction. I…

The process that is used by nurses and clinicians to consider a patient situation, collect data, process this data, make goals and implement interventions, evaluate outcomes and then finally, reflect on the learning outcomes from this process, is known as clinical reasoning (Hoffman, 2007). Clinical reasoning cycle is the tool that is used for the process of clinical reasoning. This paper will discuss management of Motor neurone disease using the clinical reasoning cycle as a framework. However,…

Figure 1. An EMG Tracing of Triceps and Biceps Muscles Co-activation. EMG signal produces an electrical activity of the muscle fibers active at a moment time. The electrical activity is measured in millivolts per milliseconds. The top channel shows the bicep EMG, while the bottom EMG correlates to the triceps contraction traces. Shown on the top graph, there are two periods of bicep activation, each last approximately 1.5ms. When the biceps are activated, it produces increasing amplitude peaks,…

It has played a central role in the development of Australia's beach culture and in developing our sense of national identity. The prime location of Hall Street near the beach has helped it develop to be food hub and a growing hub for many industries. The geographical location of Bondi has helped the development of nearby areas in many categories. Hall street’s location near Bondi Beach has advantaged it to develop better with more facilities. The Waverley council has allocated $3 million…