Biofilm

4. Uptake and bioaccumulation of plastic derived chemicals A key factor contributing to the bioavailability of microplastics is their small size, density, color, surface (smooth or rough) (Stephanie L. Wright a,2013). Food chain disturbance in marine environment is the major problem because due to ingestion of plastic which consists of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), POP and PAH. They absorbs/bioaccumulation in the fatty acid of living organism and cause death of the species. At least 180…

Maintenance of oral hygiene basically aims at minimising the bacterial load in our oral cavity to prevent the accumulation of plaque or dental biofilm on the tooth structure. Sometimes we develop areas in our teeth that are difficult to clean and thus causes a lot of plaque accumulation, it mainly occurs in areas that are invisible to our eye, this is where dental checkup and examination play a…

possible to build new tissue. We can look forward to creating a tooth or rebuilding the periodontal tissue/tooth root complex to anchor a dental implant. Other new technology in oral health care expected in the next few years includes nonmechanical biofilm removal, guided tissue remineralization, and increased use of personalized health care, including salivary diagnostics, all of which have a potential role for future oral health practitioners. In addition, there are conditions in the…

Y. pestis is a nonmotile, gram-negative, nonsporulating, rod-shaped coccobacillus and a facultative anaerobe. Infamous for being the causative agent in plague, has been implicated in at least three devastating pandemics in modern history. The second plague pandemic includes the Black Death epidemic which caused the deaths of a third of the estimated European population in the fourteenth century (Haensch et al, 2010). More than five hundred years after the Black Death, during the third plague…

Abstract: Purpose: To point out the possible relationship between Periodontitis and Mild and Preeclampsia in pregnant women and to correlate this to association to clinical and recommended periodontal considerations. Keywords: Periodontitis; Periodontal; Preeclampsia; Gingivitis Relationship between Periodontitis and Mild and Severe Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women Introduction: For a long time, maternal health has been identified as a critical determinant in trimming down the…

There are several strains of E. coli that exist, many of which are non-pathogenic in nature. E. coli forms a beneficial relationship in the intestinal tract, and takes on many helpful functions within the body. The functions include breaking down nutrients, developing signals to regulate the immune system, and even protection against other pathogens. The broad categories of E. coli are separated into diarrheagenic E. coli and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, which includes uropathogenic E.…

Efflux is a method of facilitated transport carried out by protein complexes that fall into one of six currently identified classes based on their protein structure.44 These complexes are commonly able to recognize more than one substrate, making them a major cause of multidrug resistance, especially in Gram negative organisms.45 As many of these proteins are not expressed constitutively, it may be hard to predict the effect these complexes have on in-vivo treatment; many are tightly regulated…

hospitals environment therefore it is known to Couse nonsocial infections for the hospitalized patients [6]. In addition, the virulence factors that produce by this bacteria are the main reasons to Couse drug resistant in this bacteria. Producing biofilm for example is one of the virulence factors which enhanced antibiotic resistance by specific mechanism [6]. This structure is attached to the bacterial surface making the communication between A. baumannii and it is also recognize to Couse human…

Teeth are essential to the human body. They are the parts of our body that help us to chew. It gives people the sense of taste and, partially the sense of smell. Teeth are small, tough, whitish compositions made of calcium found in the mouth. Their main purpose is to break down food by chewing it and destroying it so the food can be ready for digestion. We clean our teeth so we do not get them infected or dirty from something. Sometimes, however we can get diseases from the teeth. We can protect…

Pathogens cause disease and can only survive if they continue to multiply and transfer to other organisms; pathogenicity’s purpose is transmission, this can be seen due to the many ways of transmission done various diseases. The transmission of disease can happen many ways, but is vital to the survival and the spread of the diseases. This can be seen in the transmission of Vibrio cholera, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria. Without transmission a disease will not survive, it cannot…