Biofilm

Water fluoridation is a process of adding fluoride to public water until a desired level of fluoride in the water is reached. It has been used as a public health measure to reduce tooth decay and it is important for oral health especially the teeth. Natural water contains a small amount of fluoride but it is limited and insufficient to provide a significant change in the improvement of oral health. Water fluoridation adds fluoride to public water and it is adjusted to between 0.7 - 1.0 parts per…

Diagnosis The most appropriate test to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the nucleic acid amplification test, also know as NAAT. NAAT consist of a urine sample, endocervical and vaginal swab for women, and a urethral swab in men (CDC, 2015). Test detects the genetic material of the bacteria, in this case N. gonorrhoeae. Theoretically the test is able to detect a single copy of the nucleic acid of the bacteria (AACC, 2014). The test amplifies the number of copies of the genetic material in order…

Vibrio Fischeri, Rachel Brown: BM304 Revision Guide 2016 Physiology: Vibrio Fischeri are Gram negative, motile rods. One of the key features that can be found in the species Vibrio Fischeri is its bioluminescence. This bioluminescence comes from one of the products of a reaction catalysed by the enzyme luciferase (see biochemistry and metabolism). Vibrio Fischeri are easy to grow and they display chemotaxic behaviour. It is best to grow Vibrio Fischeri at 28 degrees Celsius. (DeLoney-Marino CR,…

1) Two ampicillin resistant bacteria often present in salad; Aeromonas spp. Gram Negative, Bacillus Pseudomonas spp. Gram Negative, Bacillus Oxidase Positive Oxidase Positive Fermentative Oxidative The results found in table 2, match the specification for Aeromonas spp being gram…

I grew up in Buffalo, New York, where I was surrounded by Niagara Falls, Lake Erie, and their many beautiful tributaries. I remember the years when the creek behind our customary campsite would fill holes deep enough to swim in and we built rock bridges to cross its depths. More recently I remember the years when that same creek ran bone dry. How could it be possible for a flourishing water supply to shrivel up and die? Today 's world is filled with conflict, often small discrepancies blown out…

Diabetes mellitus is a condition that is characterized by high blood glucose levels. It has two types, 1 Type 1 or diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused mainly by an auto-immunological destruction of the pancreatic β cells which are responsible to produce insulin, but it can be caused by other factors. The patients that suffer from T1DM have a total deficiency of insulin, and are usually young. In type 2 or diabetes mellitus (T2DM), different cells of the body including fat and muscle cells…

Deinococcus radiodurans was discovered in 1956 by scientists accidently, after a can of corned beef had been treated with radiation in order to kill any harmful microorganisms that might have been present in the canned meat. Since its accidental discovery, D. radiodurans has been intriguing scientists with is astonishing resistance to ionizing radiation, UV radiation, electrophilic mutagens, oxidizing agents, and desiccation. This gram-positive bacteria usually forms in spherical pairs or…

Periodontitis and its relations to systemic health Periodontitis is considered to be an inflammatory disease which is characterized by destruction of the supporting structure of the teeth (periodontal ligament and alveolar bone). Its highly common and can change the quality of life of the affected patient. Periodontitis includes gingivitis, but the difference is that the gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene while in periodontitis is irreversible because it is extensive and is…

In this proposal, we report the design of two bioanalytical sensors: (1) a fluorescence optrode-based optical fiber sensor and (2) a carbon-based optically transparent electrode. The first provides a means for spatially organizing microorganisms to monitor their social behavior in response to different chemical environments. The electrode sensor enables the detection of signaling molecules that are responsible for, or a consequence of, sociomicrobial behavior. Upon their completion, these…

Can cavitation bubbles reduce the number of non-pathogenic E. coli on an ice cream scoop and the amount sloughed off into the water around the scoop? The results supported the alternate hypothesis which stated that both the scoop and the water, when subjected to cavitation bubbles, would show a significant reduction or change of E. coli bacteria. All statistical analysis was completed using the results from a Tukey-Kramer test. Overall, the statistical alternate hypothesis (μ≠μ) was supported…