Basal metabolic rate

The basal ganglia volumes have been reported to be normal in adults with Down syndrome. The method in this article had sixteen individual subjects, eleven males and five females. Using an MRI machine to scan the measures of regional and overall brain volumes…

Imagine a seed of an apple tree planted inside of ones’ brain- it starts off tiny until its growth encompasses the nerves of the entire body. The branches start to intertwine with the muscles and halt simple movements that one could once do. Their growth creates stiffness in the limbs while the trunk and the leaves soak up all of the dopamine in the brain. The apples are the lewy bodies (clumps in the brain). One never knew how this seed got planted or how it was attracted to their brain but it…

substantia nigra. 70% of the dopamine containing neurons will be lost causing dopamine deficiency and turns the tissue black. Major regions of brain are affected, lower region of the brain stem known as medulla oblongata, which moves up through the basal ganglia into cortical areas (56). Dopamine metabolites increase the reactive oxygen level that…

There are three causes of ADHD: Heredity, Structural Differences in the Brain; specifically in the frontal lobes, cerebellum and basal ganglia which play an important role in controlling motor responses, planning, motivation and behavioral inhibition, as well as reduced brain volume and Environmental Causes such as prenatal, and postnatal factors. “The essential feature of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is…

Causes The causes of Parkinson’s Disease remain unknown, however there have been several theories as to what could cause the debilitating disease. Factors such as age, and genetic predisposition play a major role in the development of the disease. The disease is most common in those over sixty, however, it could take over twenty years for symptoms to develop. Age is the most common factor in the development of the disease, however if the disease is detected early, then it is most likely due to…

Neurodegenerative diseases are distinguished by progressive neuronal cell loss with clear patterns in disparate disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson and Huntington’s. They are responsible for around 4% of fatalities worldwide and 5% of disability-adjusted life years from a non-communicable disease (NCD). Neurodegenerative disorders are not only caused by genetics but protein misfolding disorders and protein degradation by the proteasome system. These disorders continue to increase as well as…

al, 2004). A metabolic impairment of the neuromuscular junction can be caused by the lack of AChE or mutation in AChE that makes the enzyme not able to hydrolyze acetylcholine, so now it remains present in the cell. This is problematic because stimulation of a receptor…

PARKINSON’S DISEASE Parkinson’s is a neurological disease that carries an onset of chronic and progressive movement disorder. Meaning the results produced by Parkinson’s will continue and worsen throughout time. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2014) have verified that, there are no known causes of Parkinson’s disease, researchers and scientists have accumulated statistics that leads to genetics and environmental factors that affect Parkinson’s disease. Such as,…

The caudate nucleus is a cluster of brain cells in the basal ganglia and filters thoughts; it is also an important part of managing habitual and repetitive behaviors. The prefrontal orbital cortex affects social behavior. This directly relates to the need to be neat and meticulous as well as the fear of acting…

Huntington disease (HD) or HD chorea is progressive neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disease that is defined by the motor, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms that influence “about one in ten thousand people in the western hemispheres” (Novak et al. 234). HD chorea is often identified by the movement difficulties that it causes, and “In fact, when HD was first discovered it was called Huntington’s chorea, as a reference to the uncontrollable, dance-like movement that is common among people…