Amino acid

a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in cells and some viruses, consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. DNA sequences are replicated by the cell prior to cell division and may include genes, intergenic spacers, and regions that bind to regulatory proteins. DNA A. adenine T. thymine C. cytosine G. guanine What is RNA ? A nucleic acid present…

chemical compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine. It is found throughout all cells in your body. Carnitine is used in producing energy for your body by transporting long-chains of fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can be burned to produce energy. Carnitine is also responsible for transporting the toxic compounds out of the mitochondria to prevent buildup. Skeletal tissues and cardiac muscles use high levels of fatty acids so these tissues are especially high in…

1.3 Identifying Knotted Proteins The complexity of protein folding makes it very challenging to fully understand the folding mechanism of proteins. More complex yet interesting challenges have been proposed. One of the most interesting challenges is the protein with knotted topology.(9-12) Knot is very common in our daily life. Sometimes we hate the knot and need to untie it. For example, our earphone cable often gets knotted and it takes forever to untie it. But, more often, we need the knot,…

classified as FOXA to FOXR depending on sequence similarities. The FOX family of proteins function as transcription factors and their defining feature is a DNA binding domain known as the fork head domain (Lai et al 1993). This domain is a hundred amino acids long and is highly conserved. It consists of three alpha helices and two large loop regions. The resulting structure resembles butterfly wings and the FOX proteins are sometime refer to as winged helix proteins(Clark et al 1993).…

for proteomic analysis. Only a few proteases that are useful for proteomic analysis. For instance, trypsin and chymotrypsin are often used to cleave proteins at selective amino acid residues. Trypsin cleaves on the C-terminal side of the lysine and arginine amino acids, whereas chymotrypsin cleaves after the aromatic amino acids. Trypsin exhibits higher activity and narrower specificity compared to chymotrypsin. When the lysine reside is modified or flanked by proline, cleavage of trypsin is…

Proteins are a multifarious group of macromolecules, which carry out many different functions within the human body. (Mbuthia, 2009). They are comprised of repeating units of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. As stated by Mbuthia, the Biuret reagent is a solution which aids scientists to conclude if there are any peptide bonds present within a sample, and thus, is used to determine protein existence within a substance. The Biuret assays depends on the presence of 2 or more peptide…

3.1 Cellular Metabolism: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is replicated when enzymes begin to unzip the DNA. The enzymes do this by breaking the hydrogen bonds that are between the pairs. After this occurs, the unpaired bases are now free to bind with other nucleotides. They may only bind if the nucleotides have the appropriate complementary bases. DNA polymerase now attaches DNA nucleotides to one end of the growing strand of nucleotides. Now there are two DNA molecules, each has an original…

through the hair follicle and towards the surface of your scalp, it is known as keratinization. Keratin is rich in sulfur protein. Most of your hair is made of proteins (amino acids). Amino acids are made up of theses elements; Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur also known as side bonds.These elements help link the amino acids together and…

The benefits and risks of the scientific method of genetically modifying crop species Since the emergence of agriculture over 10,000 years ago, humans have been altering the genomes of the crops they produce in order to increase the crop quality in many ways, with fruit size and palatability being two obvious examples. Whether this occurred incidentally through the techniques used to cultivate the plants or intentionally through artificial selection, humans have created strains of domesticated…

nuclear hormone receptor that acts as a transcription factor and controls the expression of CYPs including CYP34. Activation of CAR induces (increases) the expression of CYP enzymes. An alignment of the amino acid sequence of human, monkey, rat, and mouse CARs is indicated below. The amino acid residue positions of interest are indicated by *. 4 8 39 239 * * * * Human MASREDEFS CEGCKG NFLCGP…