Action potential

The difference between nature and nurture is that nature is the idea that behavior is effected by your chemical and gene make up while nurture is the idea that you are a blank slate and your behavior is distinguished by experiments. They both effect behavior is what was discovered. * Dualism is supported by cognitive psychologists such as George A. Miller and Sigmund Freud * Rene Descartes dealt with Monism vs. Dualism & Interactive Dualism * Monism is the belief that the mind…

are excitable cells, as they have the ability to produce an electric current to formrom an action potential from using a concentration gradient of ions across their membrane (Sherwood, 2013). The current generated by the flow of sodium (〖Na〗^+) and potassium ( K^+)ions is called an action potential and occurs in three steps: depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. First, a membrane potential 〖(V〗_m) is established by creating a concentration gradient of 〖Na〗^+ and K^+where there…

through efferent fibers. A motor unit is a motor neuron and all the connecting muscle fibers. 3. Muscle contraction is involved when standing up. The gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscle groups need to contract in order to perform this action. 4. The different levels of organization of…

At the spinal level, the PNS and CNS are bilaterally symmetrical. And studies have shown that the two sides of the spinal cord are not independent due to the findings that unilateral peripheral nociception results in contralateral responses (Koltzeburg, 1999). The contralateral pain was perceived at a lesser magnitude and has a delayed response. This contralateral pain phenomenon can be attributed to a similar pathway as central sensitization leading to secondary hyperalgesia. Primary…

Consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, the central nervous system is one of the three parts of the nervous system in human body. This system is responsible for information and action processing. It coordinates the response to a stimulus by integrating sensory information and responding properly in the environment. The brain, as the control center of human body, interprets the sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste and touch) from all parts of the body. On the other hand, the…

It is a specific protein presenting on the membrane of the nerve cells and muscle cells. They are responsible for action potential initiation and propagation in excitable cells (Catterall, Goldin, & Waxman, 2015). Voltage-gated sodium channels open or close to in response to the movement of sodium concentration between inside and outside of the cells. Voltage-gated sodium…

diffuses across the synaptic cleft and travel towards the post-synaptic membrane of the target cell in less than a millisecond. Neurotransmitter then binds to the highly specific receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane. The binding changes the potential or electrical…

The human brain consists of about 100 billion nerve cells that receives and send messages to other cells through chemical and electrical means (Skaggs, 2013). The main job of the nervous system is to receive data through sense organs, translates messages, process and respond to both internal and external stimuli (Saladin, 2012 p440). Nervous system uses chemical and electrical signal to communicate from neurons to another at high speed. More than 100 billion neurons found in the brain. Basic…

The brain is an organ that controls different functions of the body. Neurons controls body functions, behaviors, and emotions but exactly how do neurons do this? First, let's define neuron. "A neuron is a specialized cell that can produce different actions because of its precise connections with other neurons, sensory receptors, and muscle cells (NIDA. 1996. 42)." Neurons have different processes or fibers called dendrites. Neurons fulfill body functions, behaviors, and emotions by passing…

Describing the Roles of Sensory Receptors, Sensory Neurons and Specialized Sensory Receptors Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system that convert external stimuli from an individual’s environment into internal electrical impulses that can be transmitted from one neuron to another. For example, taste buds located in our mouth are sensory neurons that work with olfactory receptors in order to determine the flavour of the food. They are able to do this, in simple terms, because a…