Action potential

Analysis of Adenosine receptor blockage’s effects on the electrophysiology of HCTP/OR producing neurons of the Hypothalamus – receptor blockage mediated by Caffeine Introduction In this experiment, the quantification of firing rate changes on a specific neural sub-group will be analyzed via whole cell patch-clamping and the application of the common psychoactive drug-caffeine. The significance of quantifying the electrical signaling of the chosen neuron is to proportionally quantify the…

However, I believe the ketogenic diet has so much potential and promise in the future of medicine for the reason that it does not come in a pill or a liquid medicine bottle. There is no long list of side effects, risk of overdose, or prescription needed with the ketogenic diet. We have become so attached…

sensitize the nociceptors and stimulate A delta and C fibers, nerves that carry the pain signals. A constant influx of these mediators and enzymes cause the nerves to respond to lower levels of these chemicals, leading to an increased number of action potentials and thus an increased sensation of pain (Chapman, 2010). It has been postulated, “repeated stimulation of peripheral nociceptors produced changes in the dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord... Epidural analgesia/anesthesia might…

allows calcium ions to enter the cell membrane, the synaptic vesicles move forward and release acetylcholine (ACH). ACH combined with membrane receptors on the endplate cause electronic potentials, potassium and sodium ions exchanging start to spread both sides of muscle cell membrane to form the action potentials, and long with the cell membrane so that both sides of the terminal cistern will release Ca2+, Ca2+ and troponin binding to change tropomyosin, let actin exposed binding site to the…

non-sedating antihistamines astemizole and terfenadine, withdrawn from the market in Europe and the United States (in 1997 and 1999, respectively) due to cardiac safety concerns (Davila et al, 2006; Kannankeril et al, 2010; WHO, 2011). Drugs with the potential to cause TdP most frequently inhibit the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), which causes a…

When investigating the mechanisms of neural communication and the impact various drugs can have on this its important to take into consideration what these actually mean and whereabouts in the body are the main components. The word neural communication consists of how neurons communicate with each other through their physiological process, and drugs consist of chemicals, substances or medicines that have a physiological and/or psychological effect on the brain and body. Within this essay I will…

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease which is also called CMT. It is said in National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke “That the physicians Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie, and Howard Henry Tooth. In 1886 Charcot, Marie, and Tooth discovered a group of progressive disorders that affects the peripheral nerves” (NINDS). They still consider this disease to being rare in the United states. The estimated amount of people who are diagnosed is fewer than 175,00…

compound muscle action potential amplitude when low frequency stimulation of 2-5 Hz is used and an increase in compound muscle action potential amplitude after exercise or high frequency stimulation.5,7 This change in muscular strength is primarily due to the autoantibody-mediated attack on VGCCs, thereby mitigating the ability for acetylcholine to exit from presynaptic vesicles, to bind acetylcholine receptors of the post-synaptic muscle fiber, and to initiate an action potential and muscle…

How are humans, or any sentient life for that matter, anything more than complex arrangements of meat, neurons, and bone? The biophysical explanation of human physiology explains, quite in depth, the entire genetic makeup and biochemical arrangements from the simplicity of a ball and socket joint to the complexity of the brain. Surely the vast amount of research regarding human physiology could spearhead further research into the complexities of perception and thought, correct? There is no way…

and speed up nerve impulses. (Tortora pg. 407) An axon that is surrounded by myelin sheath, whether in the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is said to be “myelinated”, while the bare axon is “unmyelinated”. Action potentials travel more rapidly and further in distance along a myelinated axon, this is because they travel by salutatory conduction. This is when the impulse at the first node generates currents that open gated channels…