Synthesis Essay

Introduction: Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is primarily due to the acquisition of a mobile staphylococcal chromosomal cassette which carries the mecA-gene, known as SCCmec [1]. This mecA-gene encodes an altered PBP, PBP2a (or PBP2’) [2]. The affinity of beta-lactams towards PBP2a is much lower than towards native PBP2, thus allowing continuous cell wall assembly [3]. Many clinical MRSA isolates express resistance to methicillin heterogeneously. This means that the majority of cells…

The idea of the article was to answer a very important question; what effect does music play as a therapeutic intervention on those patients who are undergoing dialysis? After reading the review more than once I was left with a clear concise understanding of the results. Kim, Evangelista and Park (2015) painted a picture by stating relatively close to the beginning of the paper that “anxiety is a common emotion affecting patients on maintenance hemodialysis (p.339).” Researchers set out to find…

Once upon a time, there was another DNA molecule, this time inside of a bacterium. This DNA decided that she wanted to create a new friend that was like her best friend but a little different and much smaller. This new friend would be called RNA, and through gene expression, would create a polypeptide. DNA decided, that in order to insure the completion of gene expression, she would create messenger RNA that would be called mRNA for short. The process of created this new mRNA was called…

I. According to Biological Psychiatry (2016) there is an“estimated 2-13% of women worldwide who use cannabis during pregnancy” (para. 4). Cannabis is any product that comes from the cannabis sativa plant, which grows in many parts of the world. The cannabis plant contains the chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the most active ingredient found in the cannabis plant. The user can mix cannabis in food or beverages, inhale the fumes in a bong or smoke it using a hand rolled…

In the 1960s when a gene was first isolated from E. coli, the consensus was that proteins were produced from the DNA sequence and this was also the source of regulation. A change in the DNA sequence changed the protein product. Now we realize that there are exceptions. Epigenetic refers to the external modification that turns genes “on” or “off” to DNA. These modifications in DNA sequence don’t change, but can affect the “read” of genes [1]. One example is epigenetics in lung cancer. It is…

In Arthur Miller’s article Are You Now Or Were You Ever? Miller explains the events before writing the play The Crucible such as the paranoia that inspired his piece of writing. Miller’s purpose in the article is to inform the audience about of the events of the time that motivated the creation of Miller’s play. Logos is the use of an author’s credibility Miller was experiencing the events first-hand at the time which he connects in the article and the audience. What crisis in the late 40s and…

homeostasis after it undergoes stress, and also impacts many other hormones involved in processes including metabolism and immune responses. When the body is under a lot of negative stress, there are indeed long-term effects on the glucocorticoid synthesis and the function of the pituitary-adrenal axis due to the intensity of the stress response being mainly controlled by glucocorticoids.…

Experiment 5 Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopy of ethyl cinnamate Introduction: Wittig reactions involve the stereoselective synthesis of olefins from phosphonium ylides and aldehydes or ketones, where the carbonyl bond is converted to an alkene double bond.1 The variety of suitable reagents and the relatively mild experimental conditions facilitate their industrial applications, such as the synthesis of epoxides, esters, carotenoids and vitamin A.2,3 Specifically, the ester ethyl cinnamate is used…

Light synthesis principles The basic idea of light waveform synthesis can be described as follows: First, the spectrum of a light waveform is decomposed into its constituent spectral components by a disperser, then, adequate modulators acting on each of this spectral components individually modifies the relative phase (or delay), the amplitude and polarization of these components before they are coherently superimposed again by a combiner to create a desired tailored waveform (Figure 2a)41.…

elements such as Xenon, Argon and Cobalt.22 Recently in the 2014 winter Olympic Games, Russian athletes were caught abusing HIF activators.22Normally, the HIF pathway is activated upon hypoxic conditions. Thus, the end result would be to stimulate EPO synthesis in order to restore the normal oxygen levels in the blood and to enhance angiogenesis. Giving exogenous HIF activators can imitate hypoxic conditions which leads to the…