Synthesis Essay

Benzalknoium salts are acknowledged as benzalknoium chloride, also known as BZK, BKC, BAC, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC. These salts are known to have several names and are also considered as cationic surfactants. Surfactants are compounds that subordinate the surface tension among two liquids or among a liquid and a solid. Surfactants have the availability to act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants. Benzalknoium salts are used in…

Deoxyribonucleic Acid better known as DNA is housed in the cell’s nucleus where the genetic material is. DNA is a long molecule that forms a double helix, folded inside of the nucleus of the cell. The double strand of DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds. The double helix of DNA run head to tail. DNA is typically millions of base pair long (Shier, Butler, Lewis, 2016, p.94). Deoxyribonucleic Acid is one type of nucleic acid with the sequence of building blocks that hold information that…

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that takes part in protein synthesis. The nucleic acid has molecules that are big. Nucleotides has phosphorus, atoms, hydrogen and oxygen that creates them. Each nucleotide has ribosome or deoxyribose. DNA is the genetic material of a cell that has a repeating chain of five-carbon sugars connected together. It has four organic bases which are called nucleotides. There’s also deoxyribose which is a sugar that is in a double helix shape. DNA molecules…

Molecular mechanisms such as synaptic transmission is essential to the process of learning, memory consolidation, and reconsolidation. When a significant event occurs, memories are learned and stored by consolidation. These memories can then be retrieved and returned. You could compare the process of consolidation and reconsolidation to a simple action, like taking milk out of the fridge for example. After returning from the store you place the milk in your fridge where it is unharmed and at a…

Medicine has evolved greatly, especially in terms of drugs, but one of the basics is aspirin, also referred to as acetylsalicylic acid. There are many different reactions that can be conducted in order to synthesize aspirin. One way being the Fischer esterification, which is a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid within the presence of a catalyst, synthesizing an ester (Weldegirma, 2014). The catalyst has to be something that will provide the addition of a proton, such as a Lewis…

As described in the central dogma of biology, information from a gene can be used to build a protein in a two-step process. Transcription is considered to be the first step of gene expression. It is known to be the process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The process of eukaryotic transcription can be separated into three phases, initiation, elongation and termination. This complex process involves various cell…

II. Introduction An enzyme is a specific type of macromolecule known as a catalyst, that accelerates the rate of chemical reactions by taking part in the reaction without being consumed (Wilson, et al 2015). Enzymes participate in these reactions inside the cell and decrease the activation energy required to begin the reaction. These catalytic agents bind to substrates that are changed into products. A component of the enzyme that is responsible for binding to substrate or the reactant is…

Magnesium (1.5 g) was stirred vigorously, to combat oxidation and pulverize the by-product magnesium sulfate, in a 250 mL round bottom flask for 5 to 10 minutes, then fit with reflux apparatus – including CaCl2 Drying Tube, 125 mL Dropping funnel, Claisen adapter, and thermometer adapter – and add anhydrous ethyl ether (40mL) through the dropping funnel. Bromobenzene (3mL) and Anhydrous Ethyl Ether (15mL) was added to the reaction flask through the dropping funnel dropwise and in halves. Reflux…

A. F. Hess (New York) and A. Windaus (Gottingen, Germany) tested 30 different steroids with more than 1 double bond from various plant sources for antirachitic activity. Upon irradiation they found that ergosterol , a fungal steroid from ergot which when irradiated , was highly active in curing rats suffering from rickets14. In consultation with Rosenheim and Webster they also determined the ergosterol was the provitamin D which was convertible to vitamin D by UV irradiation15. In 1931 Reerink…

receptors represent the majority of intracellular Ca²+ channels in cardiomyocytes and arbitrate a process known as Ca²+ induced Ca²+ release. The free Ca²+ binds to the troponin C present on the actin-containing thin filaments of myofibrils. Troponin proteins consists of three different subunits, Troponin T, Troponin I, and Troponin C, with each subunit being responsible for a different part of troponin function. Troponin T is a tropomyosin-binding subunit and hence regulates the interaction of…