Factors Affecting Prenatal Development Essay

Prenatal Stress and its Effects on the Development of Children Introduction In recent years, there have been an incredible number of medical breakthroughs in prenatal care and childbirth. Since the 1970s, over 800 prenatal tests have been developed to enable early intervention and screening (Brody D5). Despite these advances, infant mortality rates and child development have not made dramatic changes for the better. An important explanation for this lack of progress is prenatal stress. Prenatal stress can be caused by numerous factors including, but not limited to, work-related stress, relationship issues, a traumatic life event, the death of a loved one and financial issues. The many studies of stress in pregnant mothers have repeatedly shown that stress has problematic consequences for development and is proven to lead to higher rates of infant mortality. Prenatal stress in mothers has been found to have adverse effects on birth outcomes and the development of children. 1 Fetal Development Maternal stress during…

being acquired environmentally. Recently the focus has shifted towards an exploration into innate, biological origins such as genetics and endocrinology, as potential influences on homosexual development. Society tends to fall into the fallacy of thinking that behaviour is an either-or phenomenon, and that these factors are mutually exclusive. It should become apparent throughout this evaluation that this oversimplification of dividing development into distinct categories is too simplistic, and…

Based on personal opinion as well as on scientific, peer-reviewed published evidence I conceive that nature and nurture both cooperate to shape prenatal development. Nature and nurture hold a close relationship where without the other, each on its own, is not capable of providing empirical evidence for development itself. Genetics and the environment work alongside to shape children’s intelligence quotients (IQs) where factors such as: schooling quality, parental education and birth weight…

whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by events existing before or at birth. In a malformation, the development of a structure is arrested, delayed or misdirected early in embryonic life and the effect is permanent. 1 For centuries, skeletal deformities have fascinated many civilizations. For example, the Egyptian God path was depicted as a short limbed dwarf and metabolic bone disorders were recognised in early Christian times 2. Polydactyly is evident in a hand print described…

As I reflect back on this course and the many activities we have completed, choosing three objectives was not an easy task. . This course gave us viable information about child development from the videos, the Virtual Child Exercise, and the textbook. With early childhood being my concentration, I found all of the objectives extremely useful and knowledgeable. I tried to choose three topics that I felt would provided the most information and touch the main objectives we learned in this course. …

target a variety of health conditions affecting the health of mothers, infants, and children. Objective MICH-1.3 focuses on reducing the death rates of infants less than a year of age. Healthy People 2020 has deemed MICH-1.3 important because it reflects on the health and well-being of not only the mother, but also the nation. In 2006, 6.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births occurred within the first year of life, which is Health People’s current baseline for this objective. Based on a 10%…

The roles that biology, culture, socialization, and age may play in influencing sexual orientation are individual traits that associated to with the development of early adolescents. Sexual orientation is the attraction of one biological sex to another. The classification of sexual orientation is heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual. Heterosexuals are attracted to people of the opposite biological sex, homosexuals are attracted to those of the same biological sex, and bisexuals report being…

Prenatal diagnosis has become of of the most important factors of the obstetrics practice, it diagnoses any complications or possible disorders, especially trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome) of the unborn baby. The most common methods for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 require invasive procedures, which includes Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling (C.V.S), where it uses a sample of the fetal tissues. These two options carry a small but definite risk. Therefore, they could cause more…

Most people understand that fetuses are extremely fragile and should not be exposed to ionizing radiation; thus, health care providers utilize ultrasound for prenatal imaging. But how safe is ultrasound imaging? Is it safe enough to warrant a fetus’s exposure? Sonography is a safe choice for prenatal imaging, but there are some suspected risks involved. However, the benefits outweigh those risks as long as scans are completed appropriately, especially when it comes to the 3­D and 4­D…

Implications for Multicultural and Global Health Locally, health education is essential as an implementation tool to address the health disparity affecting Central Valley residents. As two major settings of the community which are schools and religious institutions, health educators should collaborate with the staff of these establishments about policies, procedures, and curriculums that can directly provide awareness to access to health services and prenatal programs for women and adolescent…