Many psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura, Jean Piaget, Bronfenbrenner based their research on child development, as being the environmental backgrounds such as culture and community influences as the direct cause in a child’s physical and cognitive development. Therefore, these theorists over looked the prenatal, perinatal and neonatal environmental influences such as the molecules in a fetus bloodstream before birth, to the climate outside, as being one of the leading causes of a child’s development. Each of these psychologist’s theories also plays a role in children’s development as well as the mother’s environment during pregnancy. Furthermore, I will underline the negative and
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The first stage of the prenatal development, is the Germinal Period, which is roughly around 2 weeks long. During this stage the zygote divides forming the blastocyst that reaches the uterus for implantation. It is critical that during this time that the fetus is the most vulnerable to harmful influences in their environment involving teratogens. Many women experience nausea and vomiting throughout their pregnancy, from 1950 to the early 1960’s the catastrophic thalidomide tragedy brought awareness to the public the causation between birth defects and the use of chemicals during pregnancy. Thousands of women gave birth to babies with all parts of their limbs missing, feet or hands attached directly to the torso like flippers, or with deformed eyes, ears, noses, and hearts. Thalidomide had specific effects on these parts of the body depending on when the drug was taken during development. Another cause of birth defects is the use of tobacco products, smoking reduces blood flow to the unborn fetus, which reduces the levels of oxygen, and nutrients. Cigarettes produce carbon monoxide and contain more than 4000 other chemicals, which cause defects such as their babies being born premature, …show more content…
Now we are at the Perinatal stage starting with the Neonate the first month of life, Infancy the second month and first year of life, Childhood the terrible twos to 12 years, Adolescence from 13 to 18 years and into Adulthood. The newborn stage is a time where they begin the ability to handle life and their daily activities. Sleep-wake patterns are an indication that the baby is using biological, physiological, and psychosocial information. Swallowing protects them against choking hazards and makes sure they are getting the nutrients. Babinski Reflex is the curling of the toes when the newborns ' feet are stroked, this prove neurological development. As they enter the infancy stage, vaccinations help protect them from a variety of diseases like pertussis, polio or measles. Lateralization, the functioning of the brain indicates their control of their words, movements, and distinction of different sounds. Their physical behaviors also have environmental influences during which this refines their motor skills, and avoid bumping into people in crowded places. In the childhood stage the proper Nutrition is also a contributor, this ensures a well-balanced diet, and lower risks of diabetes and obesity. Accidents provide negative influences that cause fatal injuries. Thirdly
The first stage of the prenatal development, is the Germinal Period, which is roughly around 2 weeks long. During this stage the zygote divides forming the blastocyst that reaches the uterus for implantation. It is critical that during this time that the fetus is the most vulnerable to harmful influences in their environment involving teratogens. Many women experience nausea and vomiting throughout their pregnancy, from 1950 to the early 1960’s the catastrophic thalidomide tragedy brought awareness to the public the causation between birth defects and the use of chemicals during pregnancy. Thousands of women gave birth to babies with all parts of their limbs missing, feet or hands attached directly to the torso like flippers, or with deformed eyes, ears, noses, and hearts. Thalidomide had specific effects on these parts of the body depending on when the drug was taken during development. Another cause of birth defects is the use of tobacco products, smoking reduces blood flow to the unborn fetus, which reduces the levels of oxygen, and nutrients. Cigarettes produce carbon monoxide and contain more than 4000 other chemicals, which cause defects such as their babies being born premature, …show more content…
Now we are at the Perinatal stage starting with the Neonate the first month of life, Infancy the second month and first year of life, Childhood the terrible twos to 12 years, Adolescence from 13 to 18 years and into Adulthood. The newborn stage is a time where they begin the ability to handle life and their daily activities. Sleep-wake patterns are an indication that the baby is using biological, physiological, and psychosocial information. Swallowing protects them against choking hazards and makes sure they are getting the nutrients. Babinski Reflex is the curling of the toes when the newborns ' feet are stroked, this prove neurological development. As they enter the infancy stage, vaccinations help protect them from a variety of diseases like pertussis, polio or measles. Lateralization, the functioning of the brain indicates their control of their words, movements, and distinction of different sounds. Their physical behaviors also have environmental influences during which this refines their motor skills, and avoid bumping into people in crowded places. In the childhood stage the proper Nutrition is also a contributor, this ensures a well-balanced diet, and lower risks of diabetes and obesity. Accidents provide negative influences that cause fatal injuries. Thirdly