Transmembrane protein

and synthesized into protein. The process of transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, is where the instruction of the gene expression is most likely to occur. Prokaryote allows a continual synthesis of protein to occur. On the other hand, in…

increased resistance to mutation given the multiple possible codons for each amino acid – the third nucleotide in the codon can often be interchanged without causing any significant effect on the primary sequence of the protein (wobble bases).…

through droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. If you breathe in these droplets you have a high risk of becoming infected. Bacteria can grow at all temperatures between the freezing point of water and the temperature at which protein coagulates. The bacteria grows best at optimum which lies between the maximum and minimum points. Temperatures below the minimum stop bacterial growth but do not kill the…

reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals (13, 14).Benzene and related hydrocarbons are metabolized through an intermediate epoxide, which is highly reactive and possibly binds to hepatic microsomal proteins and nucleic acids leading to cytotoxic effects (15). An increase in the levels of liver diagnostic parameters in this study might be due to toxic effect on the membrane of liver cell where petroleum hydrocarbons may have been converted…

crime scene and your DNA is found, they know exactly who you are (126). This is also the reason why it is extremely believable to find a divine creator in DNA. There are over 3 billion lettered codes in DNA and it only belongs to you. DNA, RNA, and protein can’t just come together to build a person, there has to be organization.…

HepG2 cells were obtained from American type culture collection (ATCC), USA (ATCC No. HB-8065). This cell line is derived from a liver hepatocellular carcinoma of a 15 year old Caucasian male. After thawing, cells were maintained as a sub confluent monolayer in a 75 cm2 culture flask using the modified DMEM medium with 10% (v/v) FBS + penicillin-streptomycin (50 units/ml). The cells were used to experiments after two weeks of thawing from cryopreserved stock. On the day of harvest, the cell…

In addition to PCR, gel electrophoresis is a technique that allows the visualization of separated DNA, RNA, and proteins according to size [5]. Both techniques are advantageous to characterize human genetics by determine differences among individuals. Previous published data of the D1S80 locus from various populations such as in Turkey have observed the frequency of…

control, protein sorting, trafficking, cell to cell communication and modulation of inflammatory responses as well (Acconcia et al., 2009; Hampton and Garza, 2009; Huang, 2010; Liu, 2004; Polo, 2012; Weake and Workman, 2008). Destroying capacity of E3 ligases is associated with maintenance of cellular proteostasis by regulating the turnover of cellular proteins, using degradatory pathways of autophagy and proteasome (Kuang et…

Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria with the sole purpose of replication, as phages cannot do it on their own. The phage structure consists of a capsid, a protein head that houses nucleic acids, and a tail, which allows for nucleic acid transfer during the infection of bacteria. The first step in phage bacterial infection is attachment, in which the phage tails have the role of cell surface receptor localization (Rhakuba, et al., 2010). Next, the phage injects its genetic material…

METHOD – 320 -6 = 314 WORDS Rats and Diets 36 Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 9 rats with each group fed a different diet. Groups consisted of Corn starch (C), corn starch + naringin (N) (CN), high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (H) and H + N (HN) (Alam, Kauter, & Brown 2013). Rats on H and HN diet were fed a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet consisting of 25% fructose in drinking water and a mixture of beef tallow, condensed milk, powdered rat feed and salt for 16 weeks (Alam,…