Redox

various ways in response to heat stress, particularly by producing compatible solutes that are able to organize proteins and cellular structures, maintain cell turgor by osmotic adjustment, and modify the antioxidant system to re-establish the cellular redox balance and homeostasis [6, 7]. The excess electrons are…

3.11.2. Effects of pH The pH is a very important parameter which controls the extent of photoassisted degradation. The effects of pH on degradation of CR were investigated using 15.0 mg of LDH; 1x10-5 M CR solution in the pH range of 4.0 to 11.0, adjusted by addition of either 0.1 M HCl or NaOH. The plot of C/C0 vs. irradiation time of aqueous CR is presented in Fig.12(B). The efficiency of photodegradation of aqueous CR was found to be higher in the acidic medium particularly at pH 4 (~99.7%)…

Overview of Fermentation Fermentation is looked as an anaerobic process. The process breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen. The energy released from glucose would convert into acids, gases or alcohol. Fermentation would take place when the electron transport chain would not be used. Fermentation would occur in yeast cells, bacteria and in muscle cells of animals. For most methods of fermentation metabolism, glycolysis would involve the breaking down of 6 carbons into two…

Also, with limited resources in terms of getting DCPIP solutions, the iodine method ultimately became my most viable option. Chemistry behind the titration process When iodine is added to the orange juice, the iodine undergoes a redox reaction…

leads cancer because of the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress involved the Cd-induced aberrant gene expression, apoptosis and inhibit the DNA damage repair. Besides, Cd trigger the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formations by producing cellular thiol redox imbalance, and that make intracellular oxidative stress and ROS accumulation. ROS cause DNA damage. Acute Cd exposure reduces DNA methylation through the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity's noncompetitive inhibition, while chronic Cd…

answer the question of whether an increase in a succinate concentration (a component of the Krebs cycle) will lead to an increased rate of cellular respiration within a cell. We measured the amount of electrons given off by the succinate to fumerate redox reaction by using DPIP. DPIP is an electron acceptor that takes the place of FAD by accepting the electrons and turning from its oxidized blue state to its reduced clear state. We had three tubes with varying concentrations of succinate and…

On December 7th, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor that led to the US entering World War II. With the US’s entrance into the war and advances in atomic theory the stage was set for the development of nuclear weapons. The pressing question was who would develop them first and to what lengths would they go to achieve nuclear warfare capabilities. The Hanford site is a great example of both the technological advancement of the time and the urgency shown by the US government to…

Introduction: A reversible chemical reaction is a reaction which can proceed in both the forward and backward directions which can be represented by the symbol . A reaction comes to equilibrium when the rate of reaction of the reactants is equal to that of the rate of reaction of the products. An example of a reversible chemical reaction is one which occurs in the pool between chlorine and water (Deb Smith, 2006). Equation 1 A reaction takes place with water to produce hypochlorous acid, HOCL…

The aim of this experiment is to reduce chromium (III) to chromium (II) using Zinc as an oxidising reagent using Schlenk techniques in the inert gas atmosphere using Nitrogen. The goal is not to let oxidation happen that will prevent the formation of chromium (II) species. Also, the aim of this experiment is to successfully form chromium (II) acetate, to find its percentage yield and to conduct IR analysis to prove the success of the reaction as well as the purity of the compound. Magnetic…

General Introduction Dietary lipids: Dietary lipids consist of a broad group of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Their density is lower than water and consistency varies from liquids to solids at normal room temperature, depending on their structure and function. They are also referred as ‘Oils’ which are liquid and ‘fats’ which are solid at room temperature. Lipids are the important constituents of diet due to their higher energy value. One gram of lipid…