Popes

Reformation Reformation was very significant in Europe because without it the power the Catholic Church possessed would have only kept getting larger. As in the Renaissance, the Reformation looked back at history for influence. The thinkers of this Age wanted to reinstitute early christianity and its virtue. The Reformation impacted the history of the West greatly. For the very first time Western Europe’s people would be allowed to be a part of a different Christian practices. Martin Luther…

The Persecution of the Early Church This article will summarize the reign of the Emperor Valerian from A.D. 253-260 and his policy that lead to the persecution of the church. Emperor Valerian reigned for seven years. At the onset of his rule the Emperor had a positive attitude toward Christians however this changed suddenly resulting in two edicts. Valerian ordered Christian clergy to make sacrifices to Romans gods or be banished. One year later, the second order changed and…

In the Middle Ages, there were many approaches to medicine. As seen in the series of documents, different societies treated sickness and healing with a unique means. While some people believed in the power of herbs and nature, others believed in godly wrath or praise. These were not the only forms of treatment either. There were methods we still use today, such as bathing and keep hygienic, to drawing diagrams of a human body to deconstruct a patient’s state. We can examine these sources to see…

Catechism of the Catholic Church, a well-known and well-used compilation of articles meant to guide the people and the living examples of holiness through the median of the lives of saints. These lessons are now encouraged and further carried out by the Pope, the head and father of the Catholic Church. The practices of the Catholic Church are uncomplicated through the years of undisputed teachings and ways of living passed down from generation to generation. Looking from an outsider’s point of…

Renaissance Europe saw the development of the so-called new monarchies. What were the guiding principles and basic tactics of the rulers of England, France, and Spain in their efforts to centralize their states? To what extent did these rulers rely on new policies and practices? How successful were the new monarchs? In the years prior to the New Monarchy, Europe had been devastated by the Black Plague. The ruling powers needed to gain the loyalty of the people, rebuild the economy, and…

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th century philosopher, theologian, logician. He became the driving force behind the Catholic church during the Scholastic movement. The church would often use Aquinas to defend the church in scholarly settings, and used his writings to teach incoming priests. During his time of writing one of his most famous works, Summa Theologica, the seventh crusade was coming to an end. This was also at a time where the Papacy was struggling to spread their claim farther and farther…

Holbein’s ambassadors In 1532 Jean de Dinteville arrived in England for his second diplomatic venture. Whilst it yielded little, he was sent by the French king to protect relations with Henry VIII, who was in an uproar, planning to break away from the pope in Rome and the Catholic church. Dinteville had little to do in English court of Henry VIII other than wait for the pregnant Anne Boleyn to marry and become queen of England, which brought about the English Reformation in following year. In…

John Henry Newman and Alfred Loisy, the former beatified by the Roman Catholic Church and the latter excommunicated, both recognized the need for an explanation of the variation in Catholic doctrine over the course of history. Each author produced such an explanation and used their respective explanations in the disparate arguments of their writings. Newman’s primary goal was to establish the legitimacy of the Catholic tradition’s variation over time, while Loisy was concerned with both…

was corrupt to the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg Germany. This piece of document was later to be known as the ninety five thesis. The ninety five thesis that luther provided talks about the corruption of the catholic church. It explains how the pope selling indulgence is wrong and lawful. Selling indulgence for unsafe security is improper and does not lead to purgatory. No one can promise a smaller sentence of punishment for sins committed but the punisher himself. It took luther all his…

1. The Protestant reformation had a huge impact on European society, culture and politics. Over the course of the reformation the catholic church lost a lot of its power. Protestantism was very popular among the common people as it focused on having a direct link with god, avoiding the system of bishops and priests. The reformation also sparked the thirty years war, a conflict that would change the religion climate of Europe drastically. After the end of the reformation started war the church no…