Oxygen therapy

exercise commences the demand for oxygen rises in order for the body to continue providing energy for muscular function. To do this, oxygen uptake increases linearly to match skeletal muscle demand, until maximum oxygen consumption is reached (2). Ventilation will increase so more oxygen is being consumed and more carbon dioxide (CO2) is offloaded; cardiac output (the product of stroke volume and heart rate) and blood pressure will also increase to pump the required oxygen around the body (1,2).…

determine if the use of apneic oxygenation should be considered in standard practice. In research conducted by Miguel-Montanes and colleagues (2015) and Sakles and colleagues (2016), use of apneic oxygenation was found to decrease the incidence of oxygen desaturation during intubation when compared to a non-rebreather mask for pre-oxygenation alone. These were both single-center observational studies conducted at teaching hospitals. Despite the study designs, diversity of the patient populations…

Instead of an oxygen flow rate of 1-6LPM, flow rates of 25-70LPM are used instead for patients in acute respiratory failure (not breathing). HFNC is currently used in a variety of ways. In patients requiring intubation, traditional oxygen sources must be removed while the physician attempts the procedure. This is sometimes time consuming, allowing the patient’s blood oxygen levels to rapidly fall below the acceptable 93% threshold in less than…

Helium is a colorless tasteless, non-combustible, non-explosive gas that is seven times lighter than air. Helium does not have anti-inflammatory or bronchodialating properties. Combining helium and oxygen gas (Heliox) results in a gas with a similar viscosity to air but with a substantially lower density. Heliox acts by lowering the resistance to gas flow within the airways and permitting an increase in ventilation. Heliox converts turbulent flow into more efficient laminar flow. It is used…

supplemental oxygen is valuable in many clinical situations, excessive or inappropriate supplemental oxygen can be harmful”(Malhotra). This is known as oxygen toxicity.” Too much oxygen can have negative effects on brain, eyes, and lung development. All NICU infants are at risk for oxygen toxicity because of the increased exposure to oxygen and decreased antioxidant defenses”). Since oxygen toxicity is a reality in the NICU we should always treat oxygen as a drug. We should limit oxygen to an as…

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a very traumatic incident that currently seems permanent, as there are not pharmacological therapies to reverse the primary mechanical injury. However, the secondary SCI may be reduced using the proper rehabilitation techniques. Pivotal components of the secondary injury pathway include ischemia and hypoxia, lack of blood supply and lack of oxygen, respectively, that may lead to programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Once the secondary pathway is onset, it triggers the…

What is Hole in the Trachea in Cats? The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube made of cartilage that allows air to pass from the throat to the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs. When the trachea becomes perforated via a small hole or tear in the cartilage, the air that normally passes into the lungs goes into the surrounding tissues. This creates pockets of air under the skin, in the mediastinum (the area in-between the lungs), around the heart, in the chest cavity and in the…

biological molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate (C,H,O) is a biological molecule consisting of hydrogen , carbon, and oxygen atoms exclusively. They are the building blocks for polysaccharides, larger more complex carbohydrates. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose (the energy source for plants). Carbohydrates are the source of short term energy in organisms. Proteins (C,H,O,N) are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen on a base level. Proteins are also…

assessing/monitoring breathing, airway maintenance, breathing techniques, positioning, effective coughing, oxygen therapy, suctioning, exercise conditioning, and hydration (Ignatavicius, 2016). The priority nursing assessment is breathing. Paying attention to note the speed, depth, and effort that is being used is important (Ignatavicius, 2016). It will provide a reference to how the patient is responding to the treatment. This monitoring should be done every two hours so any worsening…

What are the potential error for CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) versus oxygen in (OSA) obstructive sleep apnea? Most people with untreated OSA experience multiple episodes of hypoxemia sometimes more than hundred a night. Most patients declining CPAP treatment their doctor prescribe them oxygen for overnight use. This might help with ameliorate some risk of untreated sleep apnea. Some of the error that I notice was that that outcome measured on a continuous scale, the baseline…