Oxidative phosphorylation

body’s demand for oxygen is greater leading to a greater need to intake oxygen through rapid breathing. As the heart is pumping faster, more energy is needed to sustain, in addition to more oxygen to supply the body with energy to complete oxidative phosphorylation (Silverthorn et al., 2016). To provide this energy, as the heart pumps oxygen rich blood…

Chemistry: Enasidenib is a first in class, a selective allosteric inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor discovered at Agios Pharmaceutical, Inc. in the United States of America. Recently, on 1 August 2017, Celgene Corporation and Agios Pharmaceutical in cooperation won the approval for Enasidenib under brand name IdhifaTm for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. it is a white to off-white crystalline, non hygroscopic powder existing in…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, more formally known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a neurodegenerative disease, causing the selective degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, as well as those in the motor cortex portion of the brain, which ultimately leads to the limited to complete loss of all voluntary muscle function. Now while the main pathology of ALS is the selective death of the previously mentioned motor neurons, more recent studies have suggested that the homeostatic…

The people in U.S have high risk of Breast cancer due the high carbohydrate and high glutamine diet consumption in spite of various awareness campaigns and scientific research. INTRODUCTION The breast comprises of glands called lobules that produce milk and thin tubes called ducts that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipple. Breast tissue also contains fat and connective tissue, lymph nodes, and blood vessels. Breast cancer usually starts off in the inner lining of milk ducts or the…

organic molecule such as glucose to make pyruvate and NADH, the electrons are donated back to an organic molecule in the production of lactate or ethanol. Therefore, there is not removal of electrons from an organic molecule. Compared with oxidative phosphorylation, fermentation produces far less ATP for two reasons. First, glucose is not oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. Second, the NADH made during glycolysis cannot be used to make more ATP. Overall, the complete breakdown of…

PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES Written by Ebru Erdogan Alper Buberci Helin Alagoz Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain propionibacterium acne’s structural properties, to make its microbiological analysis, to mention where it can be found, especially on human body, its photosensitivity and to describe the diseases and some infections it can lead to under specific conditions. Introduction Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a bacteria that grows deep inside of pores, which is…

Peroxynitrite inhibits Mn-SOD by nitration (MacMillan-Crow LA and Thompson, 1999) and thus checking the breaking of nearby formed superoxide that further promotes its formation. Peroxynitrite causes toxicity in mitochondria through two mechanisms- either by oxidative reactions directly or by free radical-induced damage involving CO2 that forms CO3− • and NO2• radicals (Radi et al., 2002a, b). This latter…

whether drugs have different effects on wild type and cancerous C.elegans. Introduction Mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy In yeast and mammalian cell, mitochondria serve as a dynamic machine to provide ATP for cell metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation pathway. When cells under adverse environment, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria tend to stop producing ATP but release ROS, which will be accumulated to kill cells1.…

The researchers used two groups of rats: one fed the ketogenic diet regimen and the other a control diet. They found that chronic ketosis resulted in the increased production of mitochondrial proteins as well as proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, the cells primary mechanism for producing ATP. The researchers used electron micrographs from the dentate-hilar region of the hippocampus, and visually analyzed the micrographs from ketogenic diet fed rats and control diet fed rats.…

Our body functions and consumes gas (O2) differently at rest and in motion. Energy requirement to maintain the body’s condition at rest is very different than the energy requirement during maximal exercise. At rest, the muscle intake of gas is very little, but during activity, oxygen consumption is multiples due to the intense oxygen demands of the muscles. Other parameters that are expected to change during exercise are metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac…