Molecular diffusion

Background DNA molecules can be too big to analyze through electrophoresis, some they must be cut up into smaller pieces. In order to cleave dsDNA at the specific sites, making sure each fragment contain the desired sequence, restriction enzymes are used. Restriction enzymes can recognize a specific sequence of nucleotide and hydrolyze the bond of the DNA backbone. Hence, the fragments from the same DNA source will also be the same if cleave by the same restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes…

band was lane B which contained the BamHI and HindIII digest of the pAMP plasmid. Due to the location of the single band, its molecular weight falls between 4000 and 5000 base pairs. Since the pAMP plasmid is known to be 4539 bps, it is likely that this band occurred due to some of the pAMP plasmid not getting cut and producing a band that accounts for the full molecular weight of the plasmid. However, only some of the DNA would have remained uncut. There should have also been two other…

Enzymes are catalysts to help facilitate chemical reactions (RSC 2004). They do not cause the reaction to occur, but they speed up the rate of reaction (RSC 2004). Each enzyme is a specific protein, meaning they work for the purpose of a particular reaction or substance (EUFIC 2016). This can help explain why they are essential in the role of digestion. The particular enzyme that we looked at in this experiment was salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that helps with the breakdown of…

1.0 Introduction This will introduce the topic for discussion. GMOs ( Genetically modified organisms) refers to plants and animals that have scientifically changed their genetic makeup through introduction of new genes into their DNA to improve the products that they provide to human beings and other animals. They are made resistant to various environmental conditions that could otherwise underscore their products; insect resistance, drought resistance, saline resistance and also improved…

technology, a biotech company that focuses on developing and manufacturing instruments, kits and reactants for single cell biology and high throughput screening. Fluidgm technologies as well as other biotech companies incorporate the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA-RNA-Proteins) into…

Think of the first taste of a favorite snack. Imagine the initial burst of flavor. Imagine the anticipation of the next bite. The pleasure of the sensations on the tongue is exquisite. Everyone should have this experience. Now imagine that the foods that compromise the snack are never damaged by disease or crop failure. Imagine that there is enough food to supply all nations. Imagine that researchers and scientists can modify foods in such a way as to enable all to experience. A genetically…

Report begins: The point of existence for a species is to survive and reproduce. The human race is a thriving species with a population that is forever increasing. One of the biggest problems for the human race is curing or preventing diseases that reduce the quality of life and even kill the individuals affected by it. An example of a disease is Adenosine Deaminase deficiency (ADA) which is a very rare disease that creates a poor immunity in the individual affected due the the lack of the…

include a replication origin, a DNA marker, and a multiple cloning site, which are sufficient for the plasmid to replicate itself and help the transformed cell to exhibit characteristics indicating successful transformation, such as drug resistance (Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual). In order for the plasmid vector to enter the bacterial cell, the cell must be competent. A common method of increasing cell competency is heat shock, which increases the permeability of…

1. Using Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray pictures James and Francis redeveloped the Watson - Crick Model that shows that a DNA molecule forms a double-helix. Together they hypothesised that if the strands were separated lose floating nucleotides would attach to their complimentary nitrogenous bases forming a template, which is the process of DNA replication. Their findings were published in the scientific nature journal April 1953. Crick had made an important discovery to the understanding of protein…

1) A. In 1947 Francis Crick began working with Max Perutz at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. He began working on a new sector of the Laboratory where X-ray crystallography was being used in order to study protein structure. Crick's thesis project at the university was on X-ray diffraction of proteins. Crick then met John Watson and together they solved the structure of DNA using available X-ray data at the time and model building. After discovering the double helix model, Crick and…