Lipid

Monarch butterflies are bright orange with black and white markings on its wings. Males and females can be differentiated based on observing their hind wings; while males have a black spot at the center of each hind wing, females do not. These wings give males a selective advantage; they are able to attract female mates. Similar to migrating birds, the monarch butterflies use the clear benefit of updrafts of warm air, called “thermals” and glide as they migrate, to preserve the energy required…

Hyperlipidemia is an abnormally high level of blood lipids and lipoproteins (LeMone, 2015, p. 867). There are two categories of hyperlipidemia: primary and secondary. Primary hyperlipidemia is due to a genetic defect. “There may be a defective synthesis of the apolipoproteins, a lack of lipoprotein receptors, defective receptors, or defects in the handling of cholesterol in the cell that are genetically determined” (Porth, 2011, p. 407). Secondary hyperlipidemia is initiated by other diseases…

important role these lipoproteins play in our body, they can also harm the body. The higher the level of LDL cholesterol in your blood, the greater your chance of getting heart disease. There are many medications on the market that help in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events, however,…

There are two major types of diabetes. One is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes which is usually called type 1 diabetes and the other non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or maturity-onset diabetes which is usually called type 2 diabetes. 1. Beginnings In 1552 B.C, Hesy-Ra who was an Egyptian internal medicine doctor recorded frequently urination as a symptom of a incomprehensible disease that also caused weakness. Also around this time, ancient healers…

As a food science major with an interest in nutritional sciences the regulation of lipid synthesis would be a comprehensive topic that would allow me to develop my research abilities in a setting applicable to both my major and my interests. Using molecular biology and chemical processes, assisting in determining what mechanism is used to how phosphorylated PA phosphatase would allow me to learn both new lab techniques and new concepts in the fields of microbiology and biochemistry. My interests…

After putting each compound into the blended meal, then it was determined whether it contains organic or inorganic in it. The bacon ranch salad reacted negatively to the solutions. While also being tested on a well-plate and hot-plate, it still remained the same color. Therefore, the blended mixture does not contain any organic substances such as protein. We began our experiment by gathering our materials and began to test the change in the blended mixture by putting a small amount in well…

The tertiary structure of the membrane is comprised of a lipid bilayer. The amphiphilic phospholipid molecules create an impermeable membrane through hydrophobic interactions. When organic molecules are placed in a polar environment, an endothermic reaction occurs that decreases the entropy of the system (ΔS). Hydrophobic interactions compensate for the decrease in entropy by “clumping” nonpolar molecules together. The orientation of the lipid tails inward creates a membrane with a nonpolar…

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is a mitochondrial lipid dependent membrane bound enzyme and principle donor of free energy in the living system. Any alteration in membrane lipids leads to changes in membrane fluidity, which in turn alters the ATPase activity and cellular function. The use of ATPase level measurement was considered as an appropriate index of membrane damage. Pathological processes that interfere with the production of ATP may interfere with sodium pump activity, which in turn…

blood glucose levels through its action on glycogen, protein, and lipid metabolism. In the liver, cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis and, in adipose tissue, activates lipolysis and free fatty acids (FFA) to be released into the circulation. Cortisol also has a permissive effect on glucagon and catecholamine action, thereby contributing to insulin resistance and increased blood glucose levels at the expense of glycogen, protein, and lipid storage (11). Among the two receptors identified for CRH,…

Myelin is imperative for the functioning of adequate conduction velocity speed in axons. Myelin is made of water, lipids and proteins and appears white in color. This combination of lipids and proteins form a whitish protective cover or sheath over the axon of numerous nerve fibers. This sheath covering the axon speeds up the impulses that are being conducted, which is important in the transmission of impulses in our body. Without myelin speeding up conduction, the impulses would decelerate.…