Lipid

yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of arteries (Mosby, 2013, pg.153).” Fatty deposits (lipids) are circulating through the blood and become stuck to the artery walls, due to an injury in the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. After some time, the build up of plaque activates the body’s inflammatory process. Macrophages are sent to clean up the debris however if there is a high amount of lipids, the macrophages become…

protecting the endothelium.5,8 Following endothelial dysfunction is atherosclerosis: a combination of cholesterol accumulation, inflammation, and cellular proliferation.8 Atherosclerosis can be caused by obesity and the resultant harmful changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins.8, 9 These changes include increases in triglycerides and total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.9 In addition, chronic insulin resistance…

Introduction Subclinical or “mild” hypothyroidism (SCH), which is defined as elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with free thyroxine concentrations within the reference range, is a very common disorder that increases with age and affects up to 18% of the elderly, with a higher prevalence in women compared to men (Baumgartner, 2014). Subclinical hypothyroidism is often diagnosed when thyroid tests are ordered for non-specific symptoms such as depression, weight gain, or fatigue.…

Introduction: Organic Molecules are the chemicals of life produced by living organisms. They contain carbon and hydrogen linked together in long chains, with carbon as the backbone. Three focal organic molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. All living organisms need these organic molecules to survive. Carbohydrates are utilized for transporting and storing energy in animals and plants. The number of sugar molecules present determines the prefix for the carbohydrate. A monosaccharide…

these these theories exist and how they may potentially pertain to diabetes. With regard to diabetes self-management, we know that the risk for developing complications, both acute and chronic, is reduced when optimal glycemia, blood pressure, and lipid management is achieved. As healthcare professionals (HCPs) we understand the value in helping patients to lower their risk, and yet the best way for patients on an individual basis to achieve these goals remains allusive. If it were as easy as…

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS 1) Structure Figure 1.1 The omega-3 fatty acids are also known as ω-3 fatty acids or n-3 fatty acids which contain a long chain of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the chain ranges from 18 to 22 carbon atoms (Collins J.J., 2010). The fatty acids have two ends; the carboxylic acid end (-COOH) and the methyl end (-CH3). The carboxylic acid end is considered the starting of chain which is “alpha” and methyl chain is considered as the tail of the long chain…

to one’s diet. However, there is scope to explore the potential benefits of barnyard millet in themanagement of metabolic disorders through long term feeding interventions. Therefore, if used on a long term basisit will be beneficial in controlling lipid profile as well as the HbA1c levels in such…

The principal characteristics bands at 2924 cm-1 (CH2 Asymmetric stretch), 2852 cm-1 (CH2 Symmetric stretch) and 1458 cm-1(CH2 Bend), observed in the spectrum, are concerned mainly with lipids. But the bands at 1430 cm-1, 875 cm-1 and 715 cm-1, concerned with calcium carbonate, are not seen in the spectrum revealing the fact that inner eggshell membrane is free from calcium carbonate. However, characteristic bands at 870 cm-1 and 1450 cm-1…

control in patients with high-Normal or grade 1 hypertension. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 19(3), 117-122. Xiong, X., Wang, P., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Li, S. (2015). The Effects of Red Yeast Rice Dietary Supplement on Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Hypertension: A Systematic Review. critical reviews in food science and…

Lipid metabolism occurs with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) as a common substrate in many different fatty acid and protein biosynthetic pathways. The functionality and lifestyle of cyanobacteria lead to many routes to alternative energy. Current investigations…