Liquid-liquid extraction

the theory and practice of two laboratory techniques: solubility-dependent extraction, and recrystallization, in an effort to isolate and identify three compounds originally dissolved in a mixture. Extraction is used to isolate a specific compound. Recrystallization involves taking a crude compound and removing unwanted impurities so that a more accurate melting point can be taken, leading to a more precise identification of a compound. The overarching goal was to isolate and identify three different unknowns in a given sample using these techniques. There are two types of extractions; solid-liquid extractions involve extracting a soluble compound from an insoluble (solid) material…

This experiment was conducted to practice a variety of techniques in organic chemistry: separation, mechanisms, acid-base reactions, evaporation, recrystallization, and identification. The goal of this experiment was to identify the unknown mixture of two compounds. The two compounds were separated first by altering the acid components solubility through deprotonation, and then protonating the acid component again to form the separated precipitate. The ether in the neutral layer was evaporated,…

Hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, is a controversial method of extracting gas and oil by injecting liquids at high pressures into the ground to force open fissures. Although fracking has been around for over half a century, it still remains a very debated topic and for good reason. Fracking has the potential to create jobs, reduce dependence on foreign oil sources, and lower taxes, among many other positive effects. However, fracking is also dangerous to the environment is…

Isolation of Caffeine from Teabags Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to separate caffeine from the teabags by using three techniques, extraction, recrystallization, and melting point determination. Procedure: 1. In the first step we have to brew a very strong cup of tea. Bring in two tea bags from home. Bring about 100 ml of water to boil in a 150 ml beaker. Add about tip of spatula full of sodium carbonate. Place the tea bags in the boiling water and let them steep for 7 - 10 minutes…

After the extraction, recrystallization, and determination of melting points for the unknown compound #4 were performed, and observations were noted, the results were obtained. The two compounds yielded were 4-tert-butyl phenol and triphenylamine. The masses obtained of each compound were 0.071g and 0.298g. The melting point ranges obtained are as follows; for the first the solid started to melt at 94 ˚C and was completely melted at 98˚C, and for the second the solid started to melt at 115 ˚C…

Chosen Topic: Hydraulic fracturing Description: Hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," is a mechanical procedure that utilizations liquid strain to discharge amounts of oil or natural gas from far beneath the world's surface. Amid usual penetrating, mechanical methods of extraction of oil and gas from open subterranean supplies and gather it at the surface. Fracking includes the high-weight infusion of artificially treated water and sand into shale shake, which separates the shale and discharges…

Observation, results, and calculations Observations During this experiment, it was observed that sucrose shows a soluble component which physical appearances results to be more crystal in nature and bonded together during the first separation. The separation of dichloromethane and sodium hydroxide reveal two layers of different density liquids solution whereby one is denser in nature than the other solution. The dense solution is referred to as the sodium hydroxide while the bottom layer which…

Lab Report: Density and Viscosity Problem: What is the effect of density on the viscosity of a substance? Hypothesis: Density will affect the viscosity of a liquid. The order of the liquids from most dense to least dense is: syrup, detergent, water, oil Background: Density and viscosity are closey related in which they both affect one and other. Denisty has many factors like weight, mass, and volume. To work cohesivly there are different things we must pay attention to. Density is how closley…

Introduction A blender generally consists of a plastic or glass pitcher that locks into a large base. Some of blenders are made of stainless steel. The lid of the pitcher has a seal that prevents the food or liquid from splashing out while the blender is in motion. The motor has varying speeds that turn either two or four sharp, stainless steel blades. The blades slice, crush and blend the contents of the pitcher..Blender is a must have kitchen equipment for nearly all families today, especially…

AIM OF THE PRACTICAL The aim of this practical was to investigate the reality or the accuracy of the formula for the resultant force on and the position of the centre of pressure on a vertical rectangular surface. SKETCH OF APPARATUS Counterbalance weight Balance pan(with 20g mass piece) Flat/curved surface(as shown below) Water Beaker Mass pieces(20g each) SUMMARY OF THEORY Hydrostatic force is the force exerted by the…