Hydrogen ion

Afra Ankita Class 625 EV3 Test 3 The threshold for white was any intensity above 95%. The threshold for black was any intensity below 6%. This is because the first white surface that was tested for its reflected light intensity turned out to be 95%. The second test for white was 100%, the third was 97%. All these tests were made by using “Port View” on the robot.“Port View” can be found by going to “Utilities” on the robot’s screen. Then going over to the port that the color sensor is connected…

In this study, we developed an anthracene-based fluorescence PET sensor (AMG) was developed for detecting high pH values and water content in organic solvents. A guanidine group as a proton receptor was covalently attached to an anthracene fluorophore to afford highly polar AMG, with reasonable solubility in highly basic solution. The fluorescence of AMG increased almost linearly with decreasing pH in the range 11.0–13.0. AMG also exhibited a fluorescence turn-on response to water in various…

Identifying Unknown Substance. Examining the physical characteristics of the available compounds in the lab was how possible compounds were eliminated from any or further testing. Based on how the compounds physically looked, it was almost for certain that calcium chloride was the unknown compound. However, another compound was used to test as well (ammonium chloride) since relying only on physical characteristics alone would not allow for proper experimentation. The unknown ended up being…

strip. The solution had a pH>7. Then we did an anion test and discovered the compound reacted with chloride by producing a white precipitate. The precipitate that formed was an insoluble solid because Cl of NaCl reacted with Ag of AgNO3, creating a Cl- ion above the aqueous solution [3], results on Table 2. Finally we used a cation flame test, results on Table 4. When we burned the unknown substance the flame was a bright orange, yellow color. This was because the flame reacted with the Cl of…

To start off with this experiment, we drew dot structures for each compound and decided whether the compound was polar, nonpolar, or ionic. We found that KCl and CaCl*2H2O were ionic compounds, so we used the electrical conductivity tester to insure us that they indeed conducted electricity. After testing these two compounds, we decided that KCl was the solution labeled “Wolves” and CaCl*2H2O was the solution labeled “Swarm”. We decided this because we knew that the CaCl*2H2O compound was a…

Task 1 and 2 First ionisation energy – The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of +1. The first ionisation decreases as you go down a group. This is because the electrons are getting further away from the nucleus meaning it is easier to remove the outer electron. There is also less shielding thus allowing the outer electron to be removed much more easily. As…

identity of an unknown salt (#3) using ion-exchange chromatography by analyzing the inorganic salts of the unknown salt, which can be examined by acid-base titration using ion-exchange resin. The stationary phase is made up of acid groups which will attach to the resin, which is then rinsed down the column with water. The mobile phase contains the inorganic salt dissolved in a solvent, which is then added to the column. As it goes down the column, an exchange of H+ ions and cations occur. The…

Since there are more than 50 million chemical compounds on Earth and even more being discovered or synthesized each year, it is increasingly difficult to identify compounds.1 However, with the help of physical and chemical properties of the atoms or molecules that make up a compound, identifying a chemical compound is not as daunting as it may seem. There are three main types of chemical compounds: metallic, covalent, and ionic compounds.2 In this experiment, however, the unknown compounds are…

also different from group one as their reactivity decreases as you go down. Also, the elements becomes darker as you go down the group. Chemical reactions of group 1: The group 1 alkali metals are very reactive when put in water, as it produces hydrogen gas and alkaline solution (alkali metal hydroxide). The alkali metals reacts very fast and violent with water, as when you place the metals (lithium, sodium or potassium)…

chemiluminescence by acting as a catalyst with hydrogen peroxide. When AgNPs interact with hydrogen peroxide they cause the peroxide to degrade into superoxide and hydroxyl radical, which also react with luminol to form 3-aminophthalate (Equations 2-5) [13]. The further degradation of hydrogen peroxide into other reactive oxygen species promotes higher fluorescence intensity. Figure 5 shows the increased fluorescence intensity of luminol, AgNPs and hydrogen peroxide in solution. However,…