Hydrogen ion

is made up of crystals of metals which are made up of positive metal ions and these ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons. To separate these substances from this crystal lattice a lot of energy is needed. In between the positive and negative ions is present a strong electrostatic force of attraction. That is the reason why metals have strong melting and boiling points. In order to slide one layer of the metal ions over the other layer very less amount of energy is used.…

attack the carbocation. As stated before, the correct way of going about this is having water attack the molecule. After attaching the HSO4 to the molecule, they would break off a bisulfate ion (HSO3-) leaving a negative oxygen on the product molecule. Then the students drew the oxygen taking a hydrogen from water or a new sulfuric acid molecule. The issue with this is that breaking the bond between a sulfur and an oxygen would be impossible under those conditions because that bond is too…

Phenols Degradation by Fenton Reaction in the Presence of Chlorides and Sulfates Siedlecka et al. (2005) also studied a series of phenol compounds present in wastewater. These compounds, as mentioned above, are widely used therefore are commonly found in wastewater derived from different industries such as petrochemical, food or resin manufactured. Since common biological treatment for these kinds of compounds is not feasible, is important to develop new technologies to treat these…

temperature. Water is a compound containing 2 hydrogen atoms, but also has an oxygen molecule as well this means it has the molecular formula of H2O. The relative atomic mass of water is around 18 with “11.188% being hydrogen and 88.182% being oxygen” [1]. When bonded it forms a covalent bond, “each hydrogen atom shares an electron with the oxygen atom” [2] but these electrons are not held in equilibrium. An oxygen atom attracts the electrons more than the hydrogen atom. This is because of the…

Solid solubility is whether that solid can dissolve in specific solvent or not. When a solid dissolve, the ions that comprise the solid will disperse in the solvent thus create a different concentration distribution within the solvent solution. Thus we can view this as a flow of ion from high concentration to low concentration (there’s a flow of ions) Electrical activity is the ability for electron to travel within the material. Specific solid material molecule will have free electrons to…

Introduction In order to create a compound, there must be two or more atoms that bind together. These atoms may be made up of different elements, or some may be the same. There are two main ways that atoms bind together- covalently and ionically. In a covalent bond, two non-metals of similar electro negativities come together to share electrons with each other. These electrons come from the outer-valence shells, and are shared in a way so that both electrons can have satisfactory shells,…

is now evolved from the combination of CFT and MOT. Cotton defined LFT as the theory of the origin and the consequence of the splitting of the inner orbitals of transition metal ions and their chemical environment. The CFT assumes that the orbitals of the ligand atom do not overlap with the orbitals of the central metal ion under consideration. However, sufficient experimental evidence shows that there always some overlapping between ligand and metal orbitals. It has been proved that the metal…

the ions with the same charges, lineup, repel, and split apart. Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity as a solid because they don’t have mobile particles. Due to the fact it’s a solid, the particles are stuck together, shaking in place and don’t have the ability to move in one general direction. The ions are unable to come into contact with the electrodes of the probe. Ionic compounds are soluble in water. The H20 breaks apart the ions, the H20 goes between the ions, and the H20 and ions…

For this experiment, a group was employed by the Environmental Protection Agency as analytical chemists. Their goal was to identify an unknown compound that has been discovered in a landfill in their hometown. Once they identified the compound, they would then have to determine both the chemical and physical properties of the compound in order to inform the townspeople of any potential dangers. During the first week of lab, the group was given a small bottle containing an unknown white…

The stories Conducting Solutions, Energy Story, and the video Hands-On Science with Squishy Circuits have all helped me learn a lot more about electricity. The purpose of these sources were to help the reader to understand and inform the reader about how electricity is made. It also showed how easy it is to make electricity. These three sources have many differences and similarities but they all serve the same purpose. In the video Hands-On Science with Squishy Circuits it talks about how easy…