Guanine

a combination of the DNA from each of their parents. DNA has a double helix shape, which is like a ladder twisted into a spiral. Each step of the ladder is a pair of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in this ladder are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The nitrogen bases are found in pairs. 'A' only pairs with 'T', and 'C' only pairs with 'G'. The bases are held together…

these innovations was the understanding of how DNA works and can be utilized for specific purposes. In one article, DNA is comprised of four letters which each represent a certain chemical. These chemicals include thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine. The four chemicals bind to each other to form chains that specify which amino acids will be needed to complete a protein (“Definition of Genetic Code”). Another source states that all living creatures share the exact same four chemicals. The…

Electron Motion Control and Imaging M. Th. Hassan Electron motion in atomic systems, which happens on timescales of attoseconds (10-18s), is at the heart of all phenomena in nature. For instance, the motion of electrons in the chemical bonds determines the structure change in the molecules. Therefore, controlling this fast electron motion, in turn, allows to control the molecular structure change. Additionally, recording snapshots of the electron motion will provide real-time access to all…

Discuss the mechanisms involved in the development of Hereditary Haemochromatosis. Hereditary Hemochromatosis is a genetic Disease, which in short term is known as HH. Even if Hereditary Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder, it’s a disease that can be treated easily. HH is a Disease that has a change in the way that our body works to regulate iron absorption. Iron is an important component in our body, which is required by all cells. Normally the required iron for the cells goes from the…

Huntington’s Chorea, more commonly known as Huntington’s disease, is a progressive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that presents in mid-life, affecting an individual’s cognitive, emotional and motor abilities (Warby, Graham, & Hayden, 2014). Huntington’s disease was named after an American Physician by the name of George Huntington, who first documented the disease in 1872. In his findings, he described the disease as Hereditary chorea. In Greek terminology, the word Chorea means “to…

What comes to mind when someone asks “What is biology”? Do you think of tiny cells spread throughout your entire body helping you stay alive, your DNA, or maybe plants? Biology is simply the study of living organisms. We learn by studying where living organisms come, from, where it has been, who or what were its ancestors, what it has used as food and even if there are any diseases or degenerations present. Biology helps us treat diseases, create vaccines, aid in better nutrition and has even…

Aspergillus nidulans: One of the lesser known pathogen of the aspergilli group, A. nidulans is a model filamentous fungus widely used for studying eukaryotic cell biology (Galagan et al., 2005). A. nidulans possesses a phospholipid-hydrolyzing novel cPLA2 protein, PlaA, which shows maximum similarity to mammalian-type cPLA2 proteins (α, β, γ) (Hong et al., 2005). Like the three isoforms of human cPLA2 proteins, A. nidulans PlaA also consists of two separate catalytic domainsA and B, and…

The Origin Problem Since the time of Darwin, naturalists have attempted to explain how life formed through purely natural causes. Some naturalist models argued that either DNA or a protein provided the first possibility for life. However, problems with these models became evident as the researcher’s knowledge of DNA grew. The researchers discovered DNA relies on proteins for transcription and translation, but functional proteins cannot form without the information stored in DNA. The solution…

A Whodunit for All Time HOLLAND, MI - A few weeks ago, a woman fell to her untimely death in the atrium of Schaap Science Center at Hope College. Because the woman was a teaching assistant at Hope College in a class where few students were doing well, foul play was immediately suspected by the investigating officers. While security footage did not capture her death, the Holland Police Department forensics team was able to collect biological data from the scene for analysis. Since that time,…

Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine are the four nucleotide bases of DNA. The clever title, of the futuristic movie revolving around genetic engineering, “Gattaca”, is a DNA sequence. The symbolism, as within the title, continues throughout the thought provoking film. DNA is like the instructions used to develop life. However, in the film, DNA is also a prime determinate of social class. Vincent Freeman is a baby of faith, conceived by means of natural reproduction. His parent’s decision, to…