What comes to mind when someone asks “What is biology”? Do you think of tiny cells spread throughout your entire body helping you stay alive, your DNA, or maybe plants? Biology is simply the study of living organisms. We learn by studying where living organisms come, from, where it has been, who or what were its ancestors, what it has used as food and even if there are any diseases or degenerations present. Biology helps us treat diseases, create vaccines, aid in better nutrition and has even helped us find where we as humans started from. There are endless amounts of significant discoveries that were found from the study of biology and everyday Scientists are discovering even more. When it comes to the discoveries of biology what are some
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The scientific errors that can occur in DNA profiling is minimal and the sequence used to determine the individual is very concise. Because of this DNA has been used as evidence to help capture perpetrators and even clear innocent people of the crimes committed. Most people share similar DNA sequences, but some areas of DNA are specific to each person. The areas in which are specific to each person are the location that forensics localize in when catching a perpetrator. For instance, the FBI’s forensic DNA identification system studies thirteen regions in the genome. Classifications in these specific regions suggest multiple recurrences of a short combination of letters such as GATA. By detecting the combination differences of the repetitious letters in both copies of DNA we are able to determine the DNA of one specific person with little to no errors. It takes all 13 sites sequences to correctly match DNA to a specific person, but only one sequence to clear a suspect. A sample is taken by cheek swab, then sent to one of more than two hundred different public and private labs used by the federal bureau of investigation where the swab of the suspects DNA will be analyzed. When two samples of DNA are compared and match in a large amount of numbers such as the thirteen in the FBI’s CODIS or combined DNA index system the possibility that someone other than the person supplying the DNA is virtually zero. This Aids in creating DNA a reliable tool in catching perpetrators. Probabilities are the basis of DNA identification. If we consider three CODIS sites, the probability that a random DNA sample will match one CODIS site is 1/10. The probability that a suspect would match all three sites are 1/1,000. When applying this probability formula to all thirteen CODIS sites we are then presented with the fact that a random DNA match would be 1/10,000,000,000 or virtually nil. DNA
The scientific errors that can occur in DNA profiling is minimal and the sequence used to determine the individual is very concise. Because of this DNA has been used as evidence to help capture perpetrators and even clear innocent people of the crimes committed. Most people share similar DNA sequences, but some areas of DNA are specific to each person. The areas in which are specific to each person are the location that forensics localize in when catching a perpetrator. For instance, the FBI’s forensic DNA identification system studies thirteen regions in the genome. Classifications in these specific regions suggest multiple recurrences of a short combination of letters such as GATA. By detecting the combination differences of the repetitious letters in both copies of DNA we are able to determine the DNA of one specific person with little to no errors. It takes all 13 sites sequences to correctly match DNA to a specific person, but only one sequence to clear a suspect. A sample is taken by cheek swab, then sent to one of more than two hundred different public and private labs used by the federal bureau of investigation where the swab of the suspects DNA will be analyzed. When two samples of DNA are compared and match in a large amount of numbers such as the thirteen in the FBI’s CODIS or combined DNA index system the possibility that someone other than the person supplying the DNA is virtually zero. This Aids in creating DNA a reliable tool in catching perpetrators. Probabilities are the basis of DNA identification. If we consider three CODIS sites, the probability that a random DNA sample will match one CODIS site is 1/10. The probability that a suspect would match all three sites are 1/1,000. When applying this probability formula to all thirteen CODIS sites we are then presented with the fact that a random DNA match would be 1/10,000,000,000 or virtually nil. DNA