Guanine

As a population, organisms look different. Genetic variations and phenotypic differences are a direct result of the processes of transcription and translation at the molecular level. In the paragraphs that follow I will discuss how the processes at the molecular level influence traits that we see at the species level. A human has 23 chromosomes, each of these chromosomes are a housing unit for DNA. DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a simple molecule found in all living organisms. DNA…

This exhibition explores innovation in places that one would normally never look; the code involved in a computer virus can be just as majestic as a rainbow barcode where each color signifies one of the four nucleotides of DNA (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). She argues, “the process [humanity] now recognize as design was practiced long before, whenever prehistoric men and women sought to improve their surroundings: say by making a clay bowl to drink from, rather than cupping their…

DNA is a molecule consisting of hereditary material, and is present in almost all organisms. DNA has four nitrogenous bases that make up codes: adenine (A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and thymine(T). The sequences of these chemical bases determine what information is present to create specific amino acids. The structure of DNA is similar to a twisting ladder and consists of paired bases (A to T, C to G), phosphate molecules, and sugar molecules. DNA is important because it instructs an organism's…

of adequate vasculature resulting in non-dividing cells, and the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Standard of care chemotherapy agent Temozolomide is an alkylating agent which functions by methylation of DNA on N-7 or O-6 positions of guanine residues. Methylation damages DNA and triggers apoptosis of cells. However, about 50% GBM tumors express a protein encoded by the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene which makes these tumors unresponsive to temozolomide therapy.…

As described in the central dogma of biology, information from a gene can be used to build a protein in a two-step process. Transcription is considered to be the first step of gene expression. It is known to be the process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The process of eukaryotic transcription can be separated into three phases, initiation, elongation and termination. This complex process involves various cell…

The nature versus nurture argument is, and has been, one of the most hotly debated topics in modern science for decades. The argument of whether humans start out as a “blank slate” or Tabula Rasa, as opposed to being predisposed with certain environmental effects out of their control transcends even natural science and enters into the realms of philosophy and psychology. It is nearly undeniable that the ideas of Mendelian inheritance are sound theories, yet the argument for…

Discussion: The isolate studied was tested for innate antibiotic function on the following media: AC, LB, and 10% TSA. The ESKAPE relative strain that presented a response to the isolate was B.subtilis. In all cases except for that of LB, the isolate showed antibiotic qualities towards B.subtilis by presenting a zone of clearance on AC and 10% TSA media. This behavior is shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6.In the case with LB, B.subtilis inhibited the growth of the isolate as depicted by the empty…

From what I gathered from the first video, I learned that a genome is every one of the qualities in addition to some others that make up a living thing. In the first video that I watched it pretty much just explained to us know what a genome is. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to behave. The first human genome was brought up in 2003. It took two decades to finish and it cost over three billion dollars. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to carry on. Cells that…

1. James Watson and Francis Crick were credited for discovering the double helix structure of DNA molecule. James Watson is known to have received his degrees at the University of Chicago and his PHD at the University of India. He then met Francis Crick at the University of Cambridge where he later worked after receiving his PHD. Francis Crick during the World War II was some biophysics who held develop radar and magnetic mines then after the war he then began the structure of DNA research with…

This modification by DNA methyltransferase places a methyl group on the cytosine, one of the four nucleotide bases that make up the structure of DNA. Most of the time, methylation occurs on cytosines that are followed by a guanine known as CpG methylation. Since CpG sequences are concentrated upstream of genes in promoter regions of multicellular organisms, methylation of these sequences can effect gene expression greatly. When genes are active, CpG islands methylation levels…