Erythropoietin

The setting, September 18th 1971 Plano, Texas, Linda Gayle and then husband Eddie Charles Gunderson gave birth to Lance Edward Gunderson. Linda Gayle divorced Eddie Gunderson when Lance was two years old and she later remarried to a man by the name of Keith Armstrong who decided to adopt Lance and take him on as one of his own. Due to this life event Lance changed his name from Gunderson to Armstrong and thus a star was born. Lance took up competitive cycling at the age of thirteen but by the…

The amount of cases regarding steroid use and abuse has skyrocketed in the past ten or so years, most prevalent in athletes! Steroid use is illegal but those athletes who do decide to abuse them receive an unfair advantage over those who have made their progress legally and without the use of performance enhancing drugs. Very few efforts have been made to change this or decrease that number in the least way. Future laws and actions regarding steroid abuse should be strengthened and more enforced…

(CTGF, CCN2) plays a major role in the formation of fibrous tissue around the microvessels, which leads to retinal detachment and tearing (21). In addition, a recent study has shown a correlation between proliferative DR development and plasma erythropoietin (EPO), which was significantly increased (22, 23). This result came to light after reports that DR deterioration accelerates after patients start hemodialysis, and the recent identification of EPO as an angiogenic factor independent of VEGF…

blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles, this allows the body to transport more oxygen to working muscles therefore can increase their aerobic capacity and endurance.There are three widely known substances or methods used for blood doping, namely, erythropoietin, synthetic oxygen carriers, and blood transfusions.” By doing this it enhances the athletic performance tremendously and helps their endurance. All these different methods are illegal in collegiate and professional sports. By blood…

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA…

Is it fair for an athlete to use steroids while playing? There are a lot of athletes from different types of sports who uses steroids without thinking about side effects and how harmful it is for their life. Athletes use steroids to become for their known effects, which are strength and speed, and their motives for using this drug are to be better and to get more money and fame. Steroids is a famous drug that can be used by athletes for cheating in sports, but have side effects that might cause…

In other words, anemia may be stimulated by malnutrition, family history of anemia, alcoholism, strict vegan diet, intestinal disorders that affect nutrient absorption of the body, exposure to toxic chemicals, anemia in women during childbearing years, race, and chronic diseases. Signs and Symptoms Fatigue and weakness are the signs of mild anemia. The other signs include pasty or sallow complexion or no color in the palms, gums, nails beds, and lining of eyelids. People who are weak, get…

mediating its pro-tumor effect. 2) Xue et.al. reported that platelet-derived growth factor PDGF-BB acts on stromal cells, pericytes or vascular mesenchymal cells that express the PDGF-BB receptor PDGFR-β, to expand the stromal compartment and induce erythropoietin (EPO) expression, leading to enhanced tumor angiogenesis. The PDGF-BB–PDGFR-b signaling system activates the EPO promoter within the stromal…

History of Organ Transplants The first organ transplants took place in 200 BC. A Chinese physician, Hua-Tuo, is said to have replaced diseased organs with healthy ones. He is also the first physician to use anaesthesia. Both of these are significant. Organs could be replaced and anaesthetics were available. Not much is recorded about organ transplants until the late 17th and early 18th centuries, when experiments with animal to human blood transfusions, skin grafts, and animal to human…

Performance Enhancing Drugs Performance enhancing drug abuse is a growing problem in adolescents and athletes. According to the Partnership for Drug – Free Kids, more than five percent of teens use performance enhancing drugs, or steroids to increase muscle. Performance enhancing drug abuse creates addiction, the mental tension and pressure that coaches and peers bring to inferior athletes this draws teens and athletes to engage in these products, further encouraging teens to partake in the use…