Erythropoietin

Within the past three decades the world of sports has developed into multi-billion dollar business, with franchises and individual athlete’s signing sponsorship deals and TV rights contracts worth millions. This has put immense pressure onto the shoulders of athlete’s, sports clubs and national sporting federations to succeed, win major titles and gold medals. This increase in pressure has caused coaches, and athlete’s to make the decision to take performance enhancing drugs to attempt to…

Blood transfusions have become an integral and important component in the Health Care system and treatment plans. For some people, this one procedure can mean the difference between life and death. Jehovah’s Witness are a Christian religion that does not accept blood products. To do so means being excommunicated from the church, even when the transfusion was given while the patient was unconscious. This puts health care workers, specifically emergency department doctors, in a very tough position…

The disease of the lungs, COPD, can be traced back to the 1600’s. It was the year 1679 when Swizz physician, Bonet, defined the disease as “voluminous lungs.” About a century later Italian anatomist, Giovanni Morgagni, termed cases of the lungs as “turgid.” A series of illustrations of the emphysematous lung putting forth the pathology of the disease was published by Baillie in 1789, thus emphysema was known to be a part of COPD early one (Mandal 2013). Over the years, Chronic Bronchitis became…

of metabolism in muscle fibres. Due to the change in the muscle fibres more oxygen is being provided and this leads to a better physical performance. 2. The athlete took a blood test at 0 weeks and 20 weeks of training and found an increase in erythropoietin at 20 weeks? Explain how this might benefit his performance? Hormones/ the amount of red blood cells produced for muscles more oxygen higher stroke volume. 3. The athlete is now better at performing a single-leg squat that he was 20 weeks…

Steroids are strong chemical substances that can decrease swelling and inflammation quickly. These drugs are closely related to cortisol, a hormone that is produced from the cortex of the adrenal glands. Another name for Steroids is Corticosteroids. They are mostly used when it comes to arthritis treatment because of their anti-inflammatory properties, but is recommended as a low dose or short term treatment when possible to reduce side effects. Some of the Corticosteroids drugs include…

to the first medical journal the Endocrine Reviews, also confirms these side effects to taking performance enhancing drugs. The drugs that were tested in the Endocrine Reviews are: anabolic steroids, androstenedione, human growth hormone (HGH), erythropoietin, diuretics, creatine, or other stimulants. The Endocrine Reviews states that some of the adverse side effects (just to name a few) are cardiovascular effects, psychiatric effects, and violent behaviors (Pope Jr., Wood, Rogol, Nyberg, Bowers…

A mother Chelsea Reed and her son Justin were rushed into the hospital after they were injured in a car accident. Mrs. Reed has a head laceration and a fractured wrist. Her son is suffering from internal bleeding and needs to have emergency surgery to stop the bleeding. The doctor informs Mrs. Reed that Justin has lost thirty percent of blood volume and will be transfused before going into surgery to make sure he does not bleed out on the operation table. As a single mother, Mrs. Reed solely…

Gene doping is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as “the transfer of genes or genetically modified cells into an individual as a potential method for illicitly enhancing athletic performance.” It is is a relatively new method of modifying the human genome for the purpose of increasing athletic performance. Gene doping can be traced back to research presented in the late 1990’s concerning genetic modification of skeletal muscles (Barton-Davis et al., 1998; McPherron et al., 1997). The research…

Pathophysiology Room 24, a 79 year-old widowed African American woman, presented September 23, 2016, to Lynchburg General Hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, urinary frequency, burning sensation, and confusion. Upon arrival at the hospital, Room 24 was accompanied by a family member due to her inability to be awarelack of awareness of to her surroundings, as well as the increase in episodes of “wandering and getting lost” as stated by Room 24’s caregiver. She entered the hospital…

1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD? R.S., the patient, has many diagnoses, findings like his history of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial vascular disease, irregular ABG, chronic bronchitis- COPD, and of course that leads to the possible diagnosis of pneumonia. Therefore, this leads to a very long list of signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms of COPD type B, which is classified as a “blue bloater” (Copstead, & Banasik, 2010, pg. 483), is…