Erythropoietin

CONCEPT 7: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NURSING HISTORY AS PART OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ASSESSMENT. This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 8 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of gastrointestinal system’. The digestive system is made up of organs that function together to transform food substances to energy and nutrients that are needed in the body. The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal which include the mouth or oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large…

Performance Enhancing Drugs: Healthy or Hazardous? Performance-enhancing drugs are defined as any substance ingested to improve performance. The use of this term is often associated with steroids used in sports by professional athletes, although the use of these drugs for personal benefits is on the rise. Many athletes are using performance-enhancing drugs to improve athletic performance, improve endurance and bodybuilding, and increase muscle and overall body mass. While taking these…

3. Measurement of glycated albumin As mentioned before, the measured albumin is considered a reliable tool to supplement other methods of measuring blood glucose, such as HbA1c and standard assays for glycemic control and diagnosis diabetes [30]. The HbA1c lifespan is estimated to be about 90 to 120 days. Thus, it is known as an indicator for the assessment of long-term glycemic control [17, 31]. However, the level of HbA1c is not suitable for the assessment of the patient’s status in some…

The notorious seven time tour de France winner Lance Armstrong who doped throughout his seven wins in cycling’s most notable and prestigious event admitted that if he could start his cycling career over again he would still dope (reference 1). Possibly the biggest case of doping in not only the sport of cycling but world sport he had repeatedly said during his career that he did not take performance enhancing drugs but one of his most famous quotes that makes him look foolish now is “I have…

Blood is everywhere, in everyone, in all living animals. The type of blood and what makes it look how it does is all based on its composition. The uses of it are vital to all animals survival as it is the key component to living. Unknown to most, but the blood's composition must be kept at near perfect balance at all time for it to perform all its functions. Blood is a crucial part of an animal's existence. Without it, it could not survive. Blood has numerous types as well as appearances, and…

An insight in the biophysical properties of bio macromolecules Natural biopolymers such as nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates are essential for life as we see it today. It is incredible to think how this vast set of molecules that are in every living thing, from bacteria to human beings, are mostly made up by six elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus). These biopolymers have the properties to, from small monomers, build giant tridimensional structures with a…

How the human body works Cell membrane: A cell membrane is a thin layer that forms a semi- permeable barrier around the outer surface of the cytoplasm of the cell and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Nucleus: It contains DNA for making new cells and organisms and also controls the reaction in the cell. Chromosomes: Thread- like structures found in the nucleus of the cell which carry the genetic information Cytoplasm: The liquid gel which makes up a lot of the body of…

In addition, Savulescu argued that WADA banned meldonium because it was a new drug and artificial. An example that shows WADA had a natural bias was when it banned Erythropoietin, which is unnatural. Meanwhile hypoxic air tents, which is similar to blood doping, is not on the banned substances list. A study on meldonium conducted by Christian Gorgens and his colleague showed meldonium had an effect on the endurance performance…

Introduction: LC-MS is used for the bioanalysis of small molecules drugs, which has molecular mass of less than 800 Da. Now a days, it is also frequently used for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals.1 In pharmaceutical R & D, it takes a year to develop a new marketing drug identified from thousands of new compounds. The drug discovery is divided into early and late phase, during which pharmacokinetics study or bioanalysis of a drug is done. Once, the bioanalysis of a drug is…

Nervous tissues have neurons and nerves that support cells. Its function is to send impulses to different areas of the body. It reacts to stimuli and conducts impulses to different organs in the body that carry a response to the stimulus. Nerve tissues are in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves which are all made up of neurons. http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/humanbio/4/lchb4_3a.html Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is made up of your heart, your blood…