Cyanobacteria

rain and the rain washes away all pesticides, which enter into lakes and rivers: “In both cases, heavy spring rains washed away tons of fertilizer from farms. The runoff drained into rivers that fed the lake. Phosphorus in the fertilizer spurred cyanobacteria growth. Hot summers and other factors made matters worse” (Kowalski 34). As a result of pesticide entering into lakes and rivers farmers must reduce their use of pesticide. The main contaminant causing toxic algal blooms in Lake Erie is…

mostly of nitrogen, with some carbon dioxide, water vapour and hydrogen compounds such as methane and ammonia. Within million of years life evolved in the oceans. 3.2 billion years ago photosynthesis had evolved with the first oxygen producing cyanobacteria, similar to today’s blue-green algae. At first, the oxygen given off simply reacted with the rocks, but gradually it built up in the oceans and started to bubble out into the atmosphere. To start with, it was a toxic gas harmful to life, but…

2016). Cyanobacterial blooms in the United States have been associated with the death of wildlife and domestic animals. Cyanobacteria pose a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems as large colonies decompose it causes excessive oxygen consumption, which leads to an increased mortality rate in local populations of fish due to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). Therefore, cyanobacteria colonies are harmful for wildlife, and leads to an increased mortality rate in local fish, shellfish, invertebrate, and…

Organic Chlorella: Great Source of Chlorophyll What is Chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is a component derived from cyanobacteria and from the chloroplasts found in plants and algae. It is an important component for photosynthesis. In the culinary world, chlorophyll is primarily used as a food additive for additional color or for other benefits. Chlorophyll is not water soluble. What Does Chlorophyll Do? There are many claims to the health benefits that chlorophyll present. Humans do not have…

2.1 Microalgae. The term microalgae refer to the microscopic algae and the oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, i.e. the cyanobacteria, formerly known as Cyanophyceae (Richmond 2004). The word algae represent a large group of different organisms from different phylogenetic groups, representing many taxonomic divisions. In general algae can be referred to as plant-like organisms that are usually photosynthetic and aquatic, but do not have true roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissue and have simple…

carbon fixation and four different holoenzyme form of Rubisco are found in different organisms (Tabita et al., 1999; Tabita et al., 2007). Most abundant Rubisco forms 1 consist of eight large subunits and eight small subunits are found in algae, cyanobacteria and higher plants (Shively et al., 1973). The multiple nuclear gene encoding small subunits of Rubisco is called rbcS. rbcS exists only in Rubisco form 1 so that it is not absolutely essential for carboxylate activity, however it is…

4. Uptake and bioaccumulation of plastic derived chemicals A key factor contributing to the bioavailability of microplastics is their small size, density, color, surface (smooth or rough) (Stephanie L. Wright a,2013). Food chain disturbance in marine environment is the major problem because due to ingestion of plastic which consists of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), POP and PAH. They absorbs/bioaccumulation in the fatty acid of living organism and cause death of the species. At least 180…

particles are then transported to the mesohyl, where archeocytes are responsible for processing food particles for energy. The predators of giant barrel sponges fishes, turtles, nudibranchs, and echinoids. Sponges that have been bleached of cyanobacteria are particularly vulnerable to damage by parrotfish. These animals primarily protect themselves from fish predation by chemical defenses, including secondary metabolites such as such as sterols, terpenoids, amino acid derivatives, saponins,…

Harcourt. 16-20. Adams, I. R., Miletto, M., Taylor, W.J. and Brunns, D.B. (2013). The diversity and distribution of fungi on residential surfaces. PLOS ONE. 8(11). Adhikay, S.P., Keshari, N.., Urzi, C. and De Philips, R. (2015). Cyanobacteria in biofilms on stone temples of Bhubaneswir, Eastern India. Algalogical studies. 147: 67-93. Ajayi, A. and Ekozien, M.I. (2014).Sensitivity Profile of Bacterial Flora isolated from Bathroom. Elite Research.…

GG310 OCEANOGRAPHY Evaluate the geological evidence for so-called ‘Snowball Earth’ glacial episodes in the Precambrian and the hypothesis that these episodes were critical in the evolution of complex life. Introduction The importance of this period is that multicellular evolution began to accelerate after the last glacial ended.refbookpage829.The term Snowball Earth refers to the hypothesis that in the distant past, specifically the Cryogenian period (850-630 million years ago), the earth’s…